Description In this erudite and elegantly composed argument, Karol Berger uses the works of Monteverdi, Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven to support two groundbreaking claims: first, that it was only in the later eighteenth century that music began to take the flow of time from the past to the future seriously; second, that this change in the structure of musical time was an aspect of a larger transformation in the way educated Europeans began to imagine and think about time with the onset of modernity, a part of a shift from the premodern Christian outlook to the modern post-Christian worldview. Until this historical moment, as Berger illustrates in his analysis of Bach's St. Matthew Passion, music was simply "in time." Its successive events unfolded one after another, but the distinction between past and future, earlier and later, was not central to the way the music was experienced and understood. But after the shift, as he finds in looking at Mozart's Don Giovanni, the experience of linear time is transformed into music's essential subject matter; the cycle of time unbends and becomes an arrow. Berger complements these musical case studies with a rich survey of the philosophical, theological, and literary trends influencing artists during this period. Contents List of Illustrations Introduction PRELUDE. L'Orfeo, or the Anxiety of the Moderns PART I. BACH'S CYCLE 1. The Arrested Procession Appendix: St. Matthew Passion, opening chorus, full score 2. A Crystal Flying Like a Bullet 3. There Is No Time Like God's Time INTERLUDE. Jean-Jacques contra Augustinum: A Little Treatise on Moral-Political Theology Augustine The Birth of Autonomy Rousseau The Christian and Modern Outlooks Compared The Emancipation of Time From Cosmos to History PART II. MOZART'S ARROW 4. Mozart at Play 5. The Hidden Center 6. Between Incoherence and Inauthenticity: Don Giovanni and Faust 7. Die Zauberflöte, or the Self-Assertion of the Moderns POSTLUDE. Between Utopia and Melancholy: Beethoven and the Aesthetic State Acknowledgments Notes Works Cited Index About The Author Awards Marjorie Weston Emerson Award, The Mozart Society of America