CONTENTS 1 The Fundamrntal Question 2 Putting a Meaning Together from Pieces 3 More about Predicates 4 Modifiers 5 Complexities of Referring Expressions 6 Quantifiers 7 Extensional vs. Intensional Contexts 8 Tense, Aspect, and Modality 9 Propositional Attitudes 10 The pragmatics of What's Given 11 The Pragmatics of Inference 12 Formal Semantics Today