Linear Algebra Done Right
豆瓣
Sheldon Axler
简介
This best-selling textbook for a second course in linear algebra is aimed at undergrad math majors and graduate students. The novel approach taken here banishes determinants to the end of the book. The text focuses on the central goal of linear algebra: understanding the structure of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces. The author has taken unusual care to motivate concepts and to simplify proofs. A variety of interesting exercises in each chapter helps students understand and manipulate the objects of linear algebra.
The third edition contains major improvements and revisions throughout the book. More than 300 new exercises have been added since the previous edition. Many new examples have been added to illustrate the key ideas of linear algebra. New topics covered in the book include product spaces, quotient spaces, and dual spaces. Beautiful new formatting creates pages with an unusually pleasant appearance in both print and electronic versions.
No prerequisites are assumed other than the usual demand for suitable mathematical maturity. Thus the text starts by discussing vector spaces, linear independence, span, basis, and dimension. The book then deals with linear maps, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. Inner-product spaces are introduced, leading to the finite-dimensional spectral theorem and its consequences. Generalized eigenvectors are then used to provide insight into the structure of a linear operator.
contents
1 向量空间 1
1.A Rn 与Cn 2
1.B 向量空间的定义 10
1.C 子空间 15
2 有限维向量空间 23
2.A 张成空间与线性无关 24
2.B 基 32
2.C 维数 35
3 线性映射 40
3.A 向量空间的线性映射 41
3.B 零空间与值域 46
3.C 矩阵 55
3.D 可逆性与同构的向量空间 63
3.E 向量空间的积与商 71
3.F 对偶 78
4 多项式 91
5 本征值、本征向量、不变子空间 101
5.A 不变子空间 102
5.B 本征向量与上三角矩阵 109
5.C 本征空间与对角矩阵 118
6 内积空间 124
6.A 内积与范数 125
6.B 规范正交基 136
6.C 正交补与极小化问题 145
7 内积空间上的算子 153
7.A 自伴算子与正规算子 154
7.B 谱定理 163
7.C 正算子与等距同构 169
7.D 极分解与奇异值分解 175
8 复向量空间上的算子 182
8.A 广义本征向量和幂零算子 183
8.B 算子的分解 189
8.C 特征多项式和极小多项式 197
8.D 若尔当形 203
9 实向量空间上的算子 208
9.A 复化 209
9.B 实内积空间上的算子 217
10 迹与行列式 223
10.A 迹 224
10.B 行列式 231
图片来源 251
符号索引 252
索引 253