Formed by Jesuit missions in Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay, between 1610 and 1767, it congregated about 150,000 indigenous people in almost fifty "reductions" (Jesuit cities). The Christian-Communist Republic of the Guaranis was decimated by attacks of expeditions and mercenaries and served as an excuse for the kings of Portugal and Spain to banish the Jesuits from America.

1968 film by Sylvio Back