*Animal Farm* Annotation
读书笔记 | <<Animal Farm and 1984 (George Orwell) (Z-Library)>>George Orwell
2024-01-07 01:24 | 页码：29
All animals are equal
2
2024-01-07 01:43 | 页码：35
He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died.
2024-01-07 02:04 | 页码：41
They were just coming down the stairs when Mollie was discovered to be missing
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All were agreed that no animal must ever live there
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when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared
3
2024-01-07 02:11 | 页码：46
The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership
2024-01-07 02:29 | 页码：55
Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself
2024-01-07 02:30 | 页码：55
It is for your sake that we drink that milk andeat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back!
2024-01-07 02:31 | 页码：55
Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back.
2024-01-07 02:31 | 页码：56
milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone
2024-01-07 10:01 | 页码：58
It was given out that the animals there practised cannibalism, tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes, and had their females in common
2024-01-07 10:09 | 页码：60
Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar's campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations
2024-01-07 10:23 | 页码：63
War is war. The only good human being is a dead one."
2024-01-07 10:24 | 页码：63
it was to find that the stable-lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and made off
2024-01-07 10:25 | 页码：64
There was also "Animal Hero, Second Class," which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep
2024-01-07 10:26 | 页码：64
to fire it twice a year—once on October the twelfth, the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed, and once on Midsummer Day, the anniversary of the Rebellion.
5
2024-01-07 10:27 | 页码：65
she complained of mysterious pains, although her appetite was excellent
2024-01-07 10:28 | 页码：65
One day as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover took her aside
2024-01-08 21:31 | 页码：67
It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifesdy cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote
2024-01-08 21:33 | 页码：67
It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good, two legs bad" at crucial moments in Snowball's speeches.
2024-01-09 00:02 | 页码：71
indeed, they always found themselves in agreement with the one who was speaking at the moment.
2024-01-09 00:04 | 页码：73
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nineenormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.
2024-01-09 00:05 | 页码：73
One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more.
2024-01-09 00:05 | 页码：74
they were the puppies whom Napoleonhad taken away from their mothers and reared privately.
2024-01-09 00:05 | 页码：74
It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. Jones.
2024-01-09 00:07 | 页码：75
but in the end he could not think of anything to say
2024-01-09 00:07 | 页码：75
But suddenly the dogs sitting roundNapoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silentand sat down again.
2024-01-09 00:07 | 页码：75
Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion
2024-01-09 00:08 | 页码：75
I trust that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labour upon himself. Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility.
2024-01-09 00:08 | 页码：75
No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happyto let you make your decisions for yourselves
2024-01-09 00:10 | 页码：76
Once again this argument was unanswerable. Certainly theanimals did not want Jones back; if the holding of debates on Sunday mornings was liable to bring him back, then the debatesmust stop. Boxer, who had now had time to think things over, voiced the general feeling by saying: "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right." And from then on he adopted the maxim, "Napoleon is always right," in addition to his private motto of "I will work harder
2024-01-09 00:12 | 页码：77
On the third Sunday after Snowball's expulsion, the animals were somewhat surprised to hear Napoleon announce that the windmill was to be built after all
2024-01-09 00:12 | 页码：77
He did not give any reason
2024-01-09 00:13 | 页码：78
This, said Squealer, was something called tactics. He repeated a number of times, "Tactics, comrades, tactics!" skipping round and whisking his tail with a merry laugh
2024-01-09 00:13 | 页码：79
but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without further questions.
2024-01-09 00:13 | 页码：80
LL THAT YEAR THE animals worked like slaves
2024-01-09 00:42 | 页码：82
If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day, at least they did not have less.
2024-01-09 00:42 | 页码：83
Nevertheless, as the summer wore on, various unforeseen shortages began to make themselves felt.
2024-01-09 00:44 | 页码：84
The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill
2024-01-09 00:45 | 页码：84
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness.
2024-01-09 00:48 | 页码：84
Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings, which would clearly be most un
2024-01-09 00:48 | 页码：85
He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. A Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and theoutside world, and would visit the farm every Monday morningto receive his instructions. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of "Beasts of England" the animals were dismissed
2024-01-09 00:49 | 页码：85
He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball
2024-01-09 00:50 | 页码：85
A few animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing, the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken
2024-01-09 00:50 | 页码：86
Nevertheless, the sight of Napoleon, on all fours, delivering orders to Whymper, who stood on two legs, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new arrangement
2024-01-09 00:51 | 页码：86
The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed, they hated it more than ever
2024-01-09 00:51 | 页码：86
Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later, and, above all, that the windmill would be a failure
2024-01-09 00:51 | 页码：86
And yet, against their will, they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs
2024-01-09 00:54 | 页码：87
but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood or with Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield—but never, it was noticed, with both simultaneously
2024-01-09 00:54 | 页码：87
It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was not the case.
2024-01-09 00:55 | 页码：87
Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds
2024-01-09 00:55 | 页码：87
Boxer passed it off as usual with "Napoleonis always right!", but Clover, who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds, went to the end of the barn and tried to puzzle out the Seven Commandments which were inscribed there
2024-01-09 00:55 | 页码：88
Muriel," she said, "read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed?"
With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out.
"It says, 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,'" she announced finally.
Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there onthe wall, it must have done so. And Squealer, who happened to be passing at this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective
2024-01-09 00:56 | 页码：89
Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?
2024-01-09 00:57 | 页码：89
The animals reassured him on this point immediately, and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. And when, some days afterwards, it was announced that from now on the pigs would get up an hour later in the morning thanthe other animals, no complaint was made about that either.
2024-01-09 00:57 | 页码：89
By the autumn the animals were tired but happy. They
2024-01-09 00:58 | 页码：89
Boxer would even come out at nights and work for an hour or two on his own by the light of the harvest moon
2024-01-09 01:02 | 页码：90
Only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill, though, as usual, he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time.
2024-01-09 01:04 | 页码：90
The hens woke up squawking with terror because they had all dreamed simultaneously of hearing a gun go off in the distance
2024-01-09 01:04 | 页码：90
A terrible sight hadmet their eyes. The windmill was in ruins
2024-01-09 01:05 | 页码：91
Comrades," he said quietly, "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the nightand overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!"
2024-01-09 01:06 | 页码：91
A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive
2024-01-09 01:06 | 页码：91
The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action
2024-01-09 01:07 | 页码：92
Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm.
7
2024-01-27 13:36 | 页码：97
It was noticed that whenever he seemed on the point of coming to an agreement with Frederick, Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood, while, when he inclined toward Pilkington, Snowball was said to be at Pinchfield.
2024-01-27 13:42 | 页码：98
Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball
2024-01-27 13:45 | 页码：99
Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time
2024-01-27 13:46 | 页码：100
Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled. He lay down, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his eyes, and with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts
2024-01-27 13:49 | 页码：101
exclaimed Squealer, frisking from side to side.
2024-01-27 13:50 | 页码：102
he said finally. "What he has done since is different. But Ibelieve that at the Battle of the Cowshed he was a good comrade."
"Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," announced Squealer, speaking very slowly and firmly, "has stated categorically—categorically, comrade—that Snowball was Jones's agent from the very beginning—yes, and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of."
"Ah, that is different!" said Boxer. "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right.
2024-01-27 14:01 | 页码：103
seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleon's feet.
2024-01-27 14:01 | 页码：103
The pigs' earswere bleeding, the dogs had tasted blood, and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush thedog to death or let it go. Napoleon appeared to change countenance, and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.
2024-01-27 14:02 | 页码：104
Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes.They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to themthat he had been Jones's secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whetherany other animal had anything to confess
2024-01-27 14:03 | 页码：104
They, too, were slaughtered.
2024-01-27 14:51 | 页码：105
They wereall slain on the spot
2024-01-27 14:51 | 页码：105
And so the tale of confessions and executions went on, until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon's feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.
2024-01-27 14:53 | 页码：105
except the cat, who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to assemble.
2024-01-27 14:53 | 页码：106
things could happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. The solution, as I see it, is to work harder. From now onwards I shall get up a full hour earlier in the mornings."
And he moved off at his lumbering trot and made for the quarry. Having got there, he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night.
2024-01-27 14:56 | 页码：107
As Clover looked down the hillside her eyes filled with tears. If she could have spoken her thoughts, it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimedat when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race
2024-01-27 14:57 | 页码：107
These scenes of terror and slaughter were not what they had looked forward to on that night when old Major first stirred them to rebellion. If she herself had had any picture of the future, it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working according to his capacity, the strong protecting the weak, as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech.
2024-01-27 14:57 | 页码：107
She knew that, even as things were, they were far better off than they had been in the days of Jones, and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human beings.
2024-01-27 14:58 | 页码：108
It was not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones's gun. Such were her thoughts, though she lacked the words to express them
2024-01-27 14:59 | 页码：108
At last, feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find, she began to sing "Beasts of England." The other animals sitting round her took it up, and they sang it three times over—very tunefully, but slowly and mournfully, in a way they had never sung it before.
They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, attended by two dogs, approached them with the air ofhaving something important to say. He announced that, by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon, "Beasts of England" had been abolished. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it.
2024-01-27 14:59 | 页码：109
But that society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose."
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but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion.
8
2024-01-27 15:04 | 页码：110
A FEW DAYS LATER, when the terror caused by the executions had died down, some of the animals remembered—or thought they remembered—that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal."
2024-01-27 15:05 | 页码：110
It ran: "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause." Somehow or other, the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball
2024-01-29 06:27 | 页码：111
There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than theyhad done in Jones's day
2024-01-29 06:28 | 页码：111
On Sunday mornings Squealer, holdingdown a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred percent, three hundred percent, or five hundred percent, as the case might be. The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him, especially as they couldno longer remember very clearly what conditions had been likebefore the Rebellion. All the same, there were days when they felt that they would sooner have had less figures and more food.
2024-01-29 06:29 | 页码：112
also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday, as well as on the other two anniversaries.
2024-01-29 06:30 | 页码：112
the pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheepfold, Ducklings' Friend, and the like.
2024-01-29 06:31 | 页码：112
It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for everysuccessful achievement and every stroke of good fortune
2024-01-29 06:31 | 页码：112
You would often hear one hen remark to another, "Under the guidance of our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days"; or two cows, enjoying a drink at the pool, would exclaim, "Thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon, how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled "Comrade Napoleon," which was composed by Minimus and which ran as follows
2024-01-29 06:32 | 页码：113
Like the sun in the sky,
2024-01-29 06:34 | 页码：114
Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall of the big barn, at the opposite end from theSeven Commandments. It was surmounted by a portrait of Napoleon, in profile, executed by Squealer in white paint
2024-01-29 06:35 | 页码：114
but he would not offer a reasonable price
2024-01-29 06:35 | 页码：114
a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it, lest it should be poisoned.
2024-01-29 06:38 | 页码：115
The animals distrusted Pilkington, as a human being, but greatly preferred him to Frederick, whom they both feared and hated.
2024-01-29 06:39 | 页码：115
The animals' blood boiled with rage when they heard of these things being done to their comrades, and sometimes they clamoured to be allowed to go out in a body and attack Pinchfield Farm, drive out the humans, and set the animals free
2024-01-29 06:41 | 页码：116
immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly nightshade berries
2024-01-29 06:42 | 页码：116
The animals now also learned that Snowball had never—as many of them had believed hitherto—received the order of "Animal Hero, First Class." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself
2024-01-29 06:44 | 页码：117
but Squealer was soon able to convince them that their memories had been at fault
2024-01-29 06:45 | 页码：117
Nothing short of explosives would lay them low this time!
2024-01-29 06:46 | 页码：118
nounced that the mill would be named Napoleon Mill
2024-01-29 06:46 | 页码：118
Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in the barn. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. Tomorrow Frederick's wagons would arrive and begin carting it away. Throughout the whole period of his seeming friendship with Pilkington, Napoleon had really been in secret agreement with Frederick.
2024-01-29 06:47 | 页码：118
All these rumours had probably originated with Snowball and his agents.
2024-01-29 06:47 | 页码：118
It now appeared that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinchfield Farm, and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living—in considerable luxury, so it was said—at Foxwood, and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for years past.
2024-01-29 06:49 | 页码：119
The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. By seeming to be friendly with Pilkington he had forced Frederick to raise his price by twelve pounds. But the superior quality of Napoleon's mind, said Squealer, was shown in the fact that he trusted nobody, not even Frederick. Frederick had wanted to payfor the timber with something called a cheque, which, it seemed, was a piece of paper with a promise to pay written upon it. But Napoleon was too clever for him. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes, which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the windmill
2024-01-29 06:50 | 页码：120
The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!
2024-01-29 06:54 | 页码：121
There were fifteen men, with half a dozen guns between them, and they opened fire as soon as they got within fifty yards
2024-01-29 06:55 | 页码：121
For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss.
2024-01-29 06:55 | 页码：121
But at this moment the four pigeons, who had been sent out on the day before, returned, one of them bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right."
2024-01-29 06:55 | 页码：121
Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge hammer. They were going to knock the windmill down.
2024-01-29 06:56 | 页码：122
Terrified, the animals waited. It was impossible now to venture out of the shelter of the buildings. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. Then there was a deafening roar. The pigeons swirled into the air, and all the animals, except Napoleon, flung themselves flat on their bellies and hid their faces. When they got up again, a huge cloudof black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. Slowly the breeze drifted it away. The windmill had ceased to exist
2024-01-29 06:57 | 页码：123
Even Napoleon, who was directing operations from the rear, had the tip of his tail chipped by a pellet.
8
2024-01-29 07:01 | 页码：124
As they approached the farm Squealer, who had unaccountably been absent during the fighting, came skipping towards them, whisking his tail and beaming with satisfaction. And the animals heard, from the direction of the farm buildings, the solemn booming of a gun.
"What is that gun firing for?" said Boxer.
"To celebrate our victory!" cried Squealer.
2024-01-29 07:04 | 页码：124
he had lost a shoe and split his hoof, and a dozen pellets had lodged
2024-01-29 07:05 | 页码：125
What victory, comrade? Have we not driven the enemy offour soil—the sacred soil of Animal Farm?"
"But they have destroyed the windmill. And we had workedon it for two years!"
"What matter? We will build another windmill. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. You do not appreciate, comrade, the mighty thing that we have done. The enemy was in occupation of this very ground that we stand upon. And now—thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon—we have won every inch of it back again!"
2024-01-29 07:05 | 页码：125
They limped into the yard. The pellets under the skin of Boxer's leg smarted painfully. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the windmill from the foundations, and already in imagination he braced himself for the task. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had
2024-01-29 07:06 | 页码：126
that Napoleon had created a new decoration, theOrder of the Green Banner, which he had conferred upon himself. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate affair of the banknotes was forgotten
2024-01-29 07:07 | 页码：126
It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. It had been overlooked at the time when the house was first occupied. That night there came from the farmhouse the sound of
2024-01-29 07:07 | 页码：127
At about half-past nine Napoleon, wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. Jones's, was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door, gallop rapidly round the yard, and disappear indoors again. But in the morning a deep silence hungover the farmhouse. Not a pig appeared to be stirring. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his appearance, walkingslowly and dejectedly, his eyes dull, his tail hanging limply behind him, and with every appearance of being seriously ill. He called the animals together and told them that he had a terrible piece of news to impart. Comrade Napoleon was dying
2024-01-29 07:08 | 页码：127
Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death
2024-01-29 07:08 | 页码：128
By the evening ofthat day Napoleon was back at work, and on the next day it waslearned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. A week later Napoleon gave orders that the small paddock beyond the orchard, which it had previously been intended to set aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work, was to be ploughed up. It was given out that the pasture was exhausted andneeded re-seeding; but it soon became known that Napoleon intended to sow it with barley.
2024-01-29 07:11 | 页码：128
About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly anyone was able to understand. One night at about twelve o'clock there was a loud crash in the yard, and the animals rushed out of their stalls. It was a moonlit night. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a ladder broken in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there lay a lantern, a paint-brush, and an overturned pot of white paint. The dogs immediately made a ring round Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soonas he was able to walk.
2024-01-29 07:10 | 页码：129
except old Benjamin, who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing.
2024-01-29 07:11 | 页码：129
But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments to herself, noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. They had thought the Fifth Commandment was "No animal shall drink alcohol," but there were two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read: "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess
9
2024-01-29 07:12 | 页码：130
Boxer refused to take even a day off work, and made it a point of honour not to let it be seen that hewas in pain. In the evenings he would admit privately to Clover that the hoof troubled him a great deal
2024-01-29 07:12 | 页码：130
He had, he said, only one real ambition left—to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age forretirement
2024-01-29 07:13 | 页码：130
At the beginning, when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated, the retiring age had been fixed for horses and pigs at twelve, for cows at fourteen, for dogs at nine, for sheep atseven, and for hens and geese at five. Liberal old-age pensions had been agreed upon. As yet no animal had actually retired on pension, but of late the subject had been discussed more and
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more. Now that the small field beyond the orchard had been setaside for barley, it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. For a horse, it was said, the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and, in winter, fifteen pounds of hay, with a carrot or possibly an apple on public holidays. Boxer's twelfth birthday was due in the late summer of the following year
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Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs.
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A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism
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(Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment," never as a "reduction"
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but in comparison with the days of Jones, the improvement was enormous. Reading out the figures in a shrill, rapid voice, he proved to them in detail that they had more oats, more hay, more turnips than they had had in Jones's day
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The animals believed every word of it. Truth to tell, Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories.
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But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. They were glad to believe so. Besides, in those days they had been slaves and now they were free, and that made all the difference, as Squealer did not fail to point out.
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There were many more mouths to feed now. In the autumn the four sows had all littered about simultaneously, producing thirty-one young pigs between them. The young pigs were piebald, and as Napoleon was the only boar on the farm, it was possible to guess at their parentage.
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They took their exercise in the garden, and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals.
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that when a pig and any other animal met on the path, the other animal must stand aside: and also that all pigs, of whatever degree, were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays
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sugar for Napoleon's own table (he forbade this to the other pigs, on the ground that it made them fat)
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the contract for eggs was increased to six hundred a week, sothat that year the hens barely hatched enough chicks to keep their numbers at the same level
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But the pigs seemed comfortable enough, and in fact were putting on weight if anything
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Sunday it was announced that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs. The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. And the news soon leaked out that every pig was now receiving a ration of a pint of beer daily, with half a gallon for Napoleon himself, which was alwaysserved to him in the Crown Derby soup tureen
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But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than ithad had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more processions.
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At the appointed time the animals would leavetheir work and march round the precincts of the farm in military formation, with the pigs leading, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry
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They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit.
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So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer's lists of figures, the thunder of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at least part of the time.
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They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies, and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm, not working, with an allowance of a gill of beer a day.
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he had no voice left
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Late one evening in the summer, a sudden rumour ran round the farm that something had happened to Boxer. He had gone out alone to drag a load of stone down to the windmill. And sure enough, the rumour was true. A few minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: "Boxer has fallen! He lying on his side and can't get up!"
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To tell you the truth, I had been looking forward to my retirement. And perhaps, as Benjamin is growing old too, they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me
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All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news. Only Clover remained, and Benjamin, who lay down at Boxer's side, and, without speaking, kept the flies off him with his long tail.
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He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest distress of this misfortune to one of the most loyal workers on the farm, and was already making arrangements to send Boxer to be treated in the hospital at Willingdon. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. Except for Mollie and Snowball, no other animal had ever left the farm, and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings
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astonished to see Benjamin come galloping from the direction of the farm buildings, braying at the top of his voice. It was the first time that they had ever seen Benjamin excited—indeed, it was the first time that anyone had ever seen him gallop. "Quick,quick!" he shouted. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig, the animals broke off work and raced back to the farm buildings. Sure enough, there in the yard was a large closed van, drawn by two horses, with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. And Boxer's stall was empty.
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"Fools! Fools!" shouted Benjamin, prancing round them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. "Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side of that van?"
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Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler,
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It was uncertain whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. But a moment later his face disappeared from the window and there was the sound of a tremendous drumming of hoofs inside the van. He was trying to kick his
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matchwood. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. In desperation the animals began appealing to the two horses which drew the van to stop. "Comrades, comrades!" they shouted. "Don't take your own brother to his death!" But the stupid brutes, too ignorant torealise what was happening, merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. Boxer's face did not reappear at the window Too late, someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. Boxer was never seen again.
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Squealer came to announce the news to the others. He had, he said, been present during Boxer's last hours
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Forward, comrades!' he whispered. 'Forward in the name of the Rebellion. Long liveAnimal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right.' Those were his very last words, comrades
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when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's deathbed, the admirable care he had received, and the expensive meditines for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost, their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy.
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And in a few days' time the pigs intended to hold a memorial banquet in Boxer's honour. Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims, "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"—maxims, he said, which every animal would do well to adopt as his own.
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On the day appointed for the banquet, a grocer's van drove up from Willingdon and delivered a large wooden crate at the farmhouse
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No one stirred in the farmhouse before noon on the following day, and the word went round that from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whisky
10
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She was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no animal had ever actually retired.
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Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition, passed on by word of mouth, and others had been bought who had never heard mention of such a thing before their arrival
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The farm was more prosperous now, and better organised:
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The animals were hard at work building yetanother windmill; when that one was finished, so it was said,
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Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness he said, lay in working hard and living frugally
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Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer—except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs.
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For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called "files," "reports," "minutes," and "memoranda."
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their appetites were always good.
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when Jones's expulsion was still recent, things had been better or worse than now
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There was nothing with which they could compare their presentlives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures, which invariably demonstrated that everything was gettingbetter and better. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case, they had little time for speculating on such things now. Only old Benjamin professed to remember every detail of his long life and to know that things never had been, nor ever could be much better or much worse—hunger, hardship, and disappointment being, so he said, the unalterable law of life.
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They were still the only farm
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in the whole county—in all England!—owned and operated by animals. Not one of them, not even the youngest, not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away, ever ceased to marvel at that.
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Some day it was coming: it might not be soon, it might not be within the lifetime of any animal now living, but still it was coming
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Even the tune of "Beasts of England" was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate, it was a fact that every animal on the farm knew it, though no one would have dared to sing it aloud.
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If they went hungry, it was not from feeding tyrannical human beings; if they worked hard, at least they worked for themselves
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creature "Master." All animals were equal
10
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Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day. He was, he said, teaching them to sing a new song, forwhich privacy was needed.
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Then they saw what Clover had seen.
It was a pig walking on his hind legs
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He carried a whip in his trotter
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and of the habit, developed through long years, of never complaining, never criticising, no matter what happened—they might have uttered some word of protest
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"Four legs good, two legs better! Four legs good, two legs better! Four legs good, two legs better!"
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It went on for five minutes without stopping. And by the time the sheep had quieted down, the chance to utter any protest had passed, for the pigs had marched back into the farmhouse.
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Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder. He looked round. It was Clover. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. Without saying anything, she tugged gently at his mane and ledhim round to the end of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written. For a minute or two they stood gazing at the tarred wall with its white lettering.
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Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be, Benjamin?"
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read out to her what was written on the wall. There was nothingthere now except a single Commandment. It ran:
ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUALBUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS
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A deputation of neighbouring farmers hadbeen invited to make a tour of inspection
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and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors.
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What could be happening in there, now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality?
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It was a source of great satisfaction to him, he said—and, he was sure, to all others present—to feel that a long period of mistrust and misunderstanding had now come to an end
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Too many farmers had assumed, without due enquiry, that on such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would prevail. They had been nervous about the effects upon their own animals, or even upon their human employees.
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He believed that he was right in saying that the lower animals on Animal Farm did more work and received less food than any animals in the county. Indeed, he and his fellow-visitors today had observed many features which they intended to introduce on their own farms immediately.
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Between pigs and human beings
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If you have your lower animals to contend with," he said, "we have our lower classes!"
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ed the pigs on the low rations, the long working hours, and the general absence of pampering which he had observed on Animal Farm.
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They had been credited with attempting to stir up rebellion among the animalson neighbouring farms
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Their sole wish, now and in the past, was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours
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Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as "Comrade." This was to be suppressed
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His visitors might have observed, too, the green flag which flew from the masthead. If so, they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it hadpreviously been marked had now been removed. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards
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referred throughout to "Animal Farm." He could not of course know—for he, Napoleon, was only now for the first time announcing it—that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"—which, he believed, was its correct and original name
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What was it that had altered in the faces of the pigs? Clover's old dim eyes flitted from one face to another. Some of them had five chins, some had four, some had three. But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then, the applause having come to an end, the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been interrupted, and the animals crept silently away
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The sourceof the trouble appeared to be that Napoleon and Mr. Pilkingtonhad each played an ace of spades simultaneously
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Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.