14th-century Franciscan monk William of Baskerville and his young novice arrive at a conference to find that several monks have been murdered under mysterious circumstances. To solve the crimes, William must rise up against the Church's authority and fight the shadowy conspiracy of monastery monks using only his intelligence – which is considerable.

“玫瑰的名字”是中世纪用来表明含有象征意义的词汇，故事亦以一所中世纪修道院为背景。原本就已被异端的怀疑和僧侣的个人私欲弄得乌烟瘴气的寺院，却又发生了一连串离奇的死亡事件。一个博学多闻的圣方济格教士负责调查真相，却被卷入恐怖的犯罪中……
这是一部侦探、哲理、历史小说。除了扑朔迷离、扣人心弦的故事情节外，书中充满了各种学问，涉及神学、政治学、历史学、犯罪学，还涉及亚里士多德、阿奎那、培根等不同的思想。展现了作者渊博的学识和超凡的叙述才能。