This book examines the role of the Nepali physicians in the revolutionary changes in 1990. These doctors are trained in the Western tradition, and participate in international scientific debates, yet they have always been concerned to develop a form of medical practice that was relevant to Nepali conditions, and which could speak to local conceptions about health, and so their medical practice was always politicized. Vincanne Adams argues that the commitment of these professionals to the values of science, and to public health, was crucial in their political activity, and that ideas and practices associated with the notions of 'democracy' and of 'science' supported each other. Describing her book as 'a story that explores how very fine the line is between politics and scientific medical truth claims', it therefore encompasses both the modern political history of Nepal and the role of medicine in a poor, largely rural, Hindu kingdom.

Meritocracy and Its Discontents investigates the wider social, political, religious, and economic dimensions of the Gaokao, China's national college entrance exam, as well as the complications that arise from its existence. Each year, some nine million high school seniors in China take the Gaokao, which determines college admission and provides a direct but difficult route to an urban lifestyle for China's hundreds of millions of rural residents. But with college graduates struggling to find good jobs, some are questioning the exam's legitimacy—and, by extension, the fairness of Chinese society. Chronicling the experiences of underprivileged youth, Zachary M. Howlett's research illuminates how people remain captivated by the exam because they regard it as fateful—an event both consequential and undetermined. He finds that the exam enables people both to rebel against the social hierarchy and to achieve recognition within it. In Meritocracy and Its Discontents, Howlett contends that the Gaokao serves as a pivotal rite of passage in which people strive to personify cultural virtues such as diligence, composure, filial devotion, and divine favor.

Disputing Discipline explores how global and local children’s rights activists’ efforts within the school systems of Zanzibar to eradicate corporal punishment are changing the archipelago’s moral and political landscape. Through an equal consideration of child and adult perspectives, Fay explores what child protection means for Zanzibari children who have to negotiate their lives at the intersections of universalized and local "child protection" aspirations while growing up to be pious and responsible adults. Through a visual and participatory ethnographic approach that foregrounds young people’s voices through their poetry, photographs, and drawings, paired with in-depth Swahili language analysis, Fay shows how children’s views and experiences can transform our understanding of child protection. This book demonstrates that to improve interventions, policy makers and practitioners need to understand child protection beyond a policy sense of the term and respond to the reality of children’s lives to avoid unintentionally compromising, rather than improving, young people’s well-being.

A groundbreaking book about how ancient DNA has profoundly changed our understanding of human history. Geneticists like David Reich have made astounding advances in the field of genomics, which is proving to be as important as archeology, linguistics, and written records as a means to understand our ancestry. In Who We Are and How We Got Here, Reich allows readers to discover how the human genome provides not only all the information a human embryo needs to develop but also the hidden story of our species. Reich delves into how the genomic revolution is transforming our understanding of modern humans and how DNA studies reveal deep inequalities among different populations, between the sexes, and among individuals. Provocatively, Reich’s book suggests that there might very well be biological differences among human populations but that these differences are unlikely to conform to common stereotypes. Drawing upon revolutionary findings and unparalleled scientific studies, Who We Are and How We Got Here is a captivating glimpse into humankind—where we came from and what that says about our lives today.

In 1997 the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to China, ending the city’s status as one of the last remnants of the British Empire and initiating a new phase for it as both a modern city and a hub for global migrations. Hong Kong is a tour of the city’s postcolonial urban landscape, innovatively told through fieldwork and photography. Caroline Knowles and Douglas Harper’s point of entry into Hong Kong is the unusual position of the British expatriates who chose to remain in the city after the transition. Now a relatively insignificant presence, British migrants in Hong Kong have become intimately connected with another small minority group there: immigrants from Southeast Asia. The lives, journeys, and stories of these two groups bring to life a place where the past continues to resonate for all its residents, even as the city hurtles forward into a future marked by transience and transition. By skillfully blending ethnographic and visual approaches, Hong Kong offers a fascinating guide to a city that is at once unique in its recent history and exemplary of our globalized present.

A number of years ago, Douglas Harper moved to northern New York to teach in a small college. Upon his arrival there his department chairman noted his eight-year-old Saab and said, "You'll be meeting Willie." Haper spent the next years establishing not only a working relationship but a friendship with Willie. In "Working Knowledge," he introduces us to Willie, a mechanic and jack-of-all-trades. With this engaging and insightful profile--part biography, part ethnography, and part photo essay--Harper documents what Willie does and how he does it. Harper's dignified portrait captures a disappearing feature of modern life--the essential human factor in the world of work.

作者在青壮年时期，曾亲访亚马逊河流域与巴西高地森林。在丛林深处找到还原于最基本形态的人类社会。 《忧郁的热带》即记载了他在卡都卫欧、波洛洛、南比克瓦拉等几个最原始部落里情趣盎然，寓意深远的思考历程与生活体验。本书最早出版于1955年，是一部对促进人类自我了解具有罕见贡献 的人类学、文学、人类思想杰作。

简介： 格尔茨这本开拓性的著作，美国社会学协会１９７４年索罗金奖获奖作品，有助于为整个一代人类学家界定其领域的终极目的。 ——《出版家周刊》 前 言 当一位人类学家在殷切的出版商的催促下，着手收集他的某些论文，以便对他自离开研究生院后十五年中的工作作一个回顾性的展示时，面临着两个困难的抉择：收集哪些论文以及如何以诚实的态度来对待收集进来的论文。我们所有这些为社会科学杂志写文章的人都有一本自己想像中的非书之书（ｎｏｎｂｏｏｋ），而越来越多的人也正在把它们出版出来。我们所有的人都设想过去自己写的东西现在会写得更好，而且准备好了要自己修改而决不让编辑改动。想要从自己的行文中发现精巧的构思可能会同想在自己的生活中有所发现一样让人失望；事后（ｐｏｓｔ ｆａｃｔｏ）编一个进去——“这就是我过去想要说的意思”——是一种强烈的诱惑。 面对第一个抉择，我决定只收入那些与文化概念有直接而明显关系的论文。事实上，这些论文的大多数不是理论探求而是经验研究，因为当我离社会生活的直接体验太远时，我就会感到不舒服。但是所有的论文基本上都是通过一个又一个的实例，来提出一个独特的——别人也许会认为是奇怪的观点来阐明什么是文化，它在社会生活中扮演了什么角色，以及应该如何恰当地研究它。虽然重新定义文化是我作为人类学家最持久的兴趣，但是我也在经济发展、社会组织、比较史学和文化生态学领域里做了一些拓展——为了避免离题太远，本书就没有反映这些关注。因而，我希望，这一组论文看起来就像是一篇通过一系列具体分析而得来的论文，不要仅仅是一种“尔后我写道……”这样的对有些漂泊的职业生涯的回顾。这本书要进行论证。 第二个抉择不大容易处理。一般来说，我对发表过的文章采取一种ｓｔａｒｅ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｓ（维持原样）的态度，即使仅仅是因为如果这些论文需要很大的修改，那就完全不应该重印它们，而应代之以能纠正错误的全新论文，也应这么做。况且，把改变了的观点写进早先的著作中来纠正自己的错误判断，在我看来不太光明磊落。这样做会模糊了选编自己的论文时首先想揭示的思想发展进程。 不过，即便如此，虽然争论的实质不受严重影响，但要是对原文一字不改，传达的就是过时的信息或因与现在已淡化的一系列事件联系过于紧密而削弱了现在还有效的讨论，在这种情况下，似乎还是有正当理由，回过头去做一些校订。 在后面选收的论文中，有两处与我上面的考虑有关，因而我就对原来写的东西做了些修改。第一处是第二编中的两篇关于文化与生物进化的论文，原文给出的化石年代已被确切地替代了。这些年代，一般说是向前推了，这一变化基本上未触动我的核心论证，我认为引入比较新的测算没有坏处。在考古学已经发现四百万或五百万年前的化石后，再说南方古猿（Ａｕｓｔｒａｌｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｉｎｅｓ ）可以追溯至一百万年前就没有多少意思了。第二处与第四编第十章《整合式革命》有关，自这篇论文在本世纪六十年代写作以来，新国家历史的潮流——如果它应该这么称呼的话——已使其中的一些内容读起来很古怪。既然纳赛尔已经去世，巴基斯坦已经分裂，尼日利亚已经非封建化，共产党已从印度尼西亚的政治舞台上消失，如果写得仿佛这些事件没有发生过似的，会给讨论带来不真实的感觉，而且即使现在不是尼赫鲁而是尼赫鲁的女儿在领导印度，马来亚共和国已经扩大为马来西亚联邦，这个讨论我认为还有意义的。因此我在这篇论文中做了两类修改。第一，我变换了时态，引入了从句，添加了一两处脚注等等，从而在使论文的正文读起来不太像过去的十年没有出现过一样。但是我没有为了增强论证而改变任何实质性的东西。第二，我给每一个历史实例都增加了一段内容，概括自这篇论文写作以来与之有关的发展——而且清楚地与实例正文分开，以此来明确指出，假如有任何事件发生，它的发展显示出在这篇论文中以早先的事件为根据的讨论仍然与剔除过时事件（ Ｒｉｐ Ｖａｎ Ｗｉｎｋｌｅ）的影响有关。除了一些印刷和语法上的小更正（以及为索引风格一致所做的修改），本书的其他内容基本上没变。 不过，我增加了新的一章，即第一章，尽可能概括地表明我现在采取的立场。因为各章讨论的观点跨越十五个年头，在引论性的第一章中讨论某些事情的方式的确与出现在重印的某些其他章中的方式有些不同。我早先的一些关注——比如功能主义——现在在我的思想里已不太突出；而一些后来的关注——比如符号学——现在更突出了。但在我看来，这些论文中的思想走向是相对连贯的——它们的排列是按逻辑顺序而非年月顺序，而第一章代表的是一种努力，要更清楚、更系统地说明这一思想走向是什么：总之，努力说出我一直在说的东西。 我删掉了论文中原有的所有致谢，那些帮助过我的人知道他们帮助过我，并且也知道给我的帮助有多么大。我只能希望他们至今还知道我也知道这些帮助。而我不再忙乱地提及他们，代之以对三个出色的学术机构的真诚的感谢：哈佛大学社会关系系，我在那里受过训练；芝加哥大学人类学系，我在那里教了十年书；普林斯顿高等学术研究所，我现在在那里工作。在美国大学系统被抨击为不合潮流或日益恶化的时刻，我只能说，它 一直是一份拯救我的礼物。 (克利福德·格尔茨 一九七三年于普林斯顿)

How are peoples' ideas about languages, ways of speaking and expressive styles shaped by their social positions and values? How is difference, in language and in social life, made - and unmade? How and why are some differences persuasive as the basis for action, while other differences are ignored or erased? Written by two recognised authorities on language and culture, this book argues that ideological work of all kinds is fundamentally communicative, and that social positions, projects and historical moments influence, and are influenced by, people's ideas about communicative practices. Neither true nor false, ideologies are positioned and partial visions of the world, relying on comparison and perspective; they exploit differences in expressive features - linguistic and otherwise - to construct convincing stereotypes of people, spaces and activities. Using detailed ethnographic, historical and contemporary examples, this outstanding book shows readers how to analyse ideological work semiotically.

The Body Multiple is an extraordinary ethnography of an ordinary disease. Drawing on fieldwork in a Dutch university hospital, Annemarie Mol looks at the day-to-day diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. A patient information leaflet might describe atherosclerosis as the gradual obstruction of the arteries, but in hospital practice this one medical condition appears to be many other things as well. From one moment, place, apparatus, specialty, or treatment to the next, a slightly different "atherosclerosis" is being discussed, measured, observed, or stripped away. Mol demonstrates that this multiplicity does not imply fragmentation. Instead, the disease is made to cohere through a range of tactics including transporting forms and files, making images, holding case conferences, and conducting doctor-patient conversations. The Body Multiple juxtaposes two distinct texts. Alongside Mol's analysis of her ethnographic material - interviews with doctors and patients; observations of medical examinations, consultations, and operations - runs a parallel text in which she reflects on the relevant literature. Mol draws on medical anthropology, sociology, feminist theory, philosophy, and science and technology studies to reframe such issues as the disease-illness distinction, subject-object relations, boundaries, difference, situatedness, and ontology. In dialogue with one another, Mol's two texts meditate on the multiplicity of reality-in-practice. Presenting philosophical reflections on the body and medical practice through vivid storytelling, The Body Multiple will be important to those in medical anthropology, philosophy, and the social study of science, technology, and medicine.

这是人类学研究史上对于印度种姓制度进行研究的最为重要的一本书。作为人类学经典名著，杜蒙的在这本书中综合了前人对印度研究的成果，提出了“阶序”的理念，一方面揭示了印度这个古老文明的基本理念，一方面则暗指西方近代“平等”理念的局限。这是一本超越了印度研究领域，而对各种比较文 化研究都有着重要参考价值的著作。 就印度社会研究而言，这是一本到目前为止依然可以称为做出了最显著贡献和最深入研究的著作。《阶序人》涵盖了这一领域的几乎所有理论，它为作者赢得广泛声誉，这使得杜蒙的重要地位不仅局限于印度学研究，更扩展到整个人类学研究范围。—— 哈佛大学人类学教授 努尔·亚曼

本书是作者对非洲尼罗河下游苏丹南部的一个少数民族部落的生存状况和政治体系的研究。内容包括对努尔人的生态环境是与其文化的适应性的介绍，尤其讨论了努尔人的政治制度，包括其宗族制度和年龄组制度。这是一种建立在裂变原则上的无国家权力的政治模式。通过对这个与西方国家制度不同的非洲部落政治体系的田野研究，作者提出了一个开启政治人类学的挑战性问题，即在一个没有国家和政府统治的部落中，社会是如何组织起来的？这一问题的提出和论述，被认为起到了人类学认识范式更新的作用。

Middle- and upper-middle-class students continue to outpace those from less privileged backgrounds. Most attempts to redress this inequality focus on the issue of access to financial resources, but, as "Producing Success" makes clear, the problem goes beyond mere economics. In this eye-opening study, Peter Demerath examines a typical suburban American high school to explain how some students get ahead. Demerath undertook four years of research at a midwestern high school to examine the mercilessly competitive culture that drives students to advance. "Producing Success" reveals the many ways the community's ideology of achievement plays out: students hone their work ethic and employ various strategies to succeed, from negotiating with teachers to cheating; parents relentlessly push their children while manipulating school policies to help them get ahead; and, administrators aid high performers in myriad ways, even naming over forty students 'valedictorians'. Yet, as Demerath shows, this unswerving commitment to individual advancement takes its toll, leading to student stress and fatigue, incivility and vandalism, and the alienation of the less successful. Insightful and candid, "Producing Success" is an often troubling account of the educationally and morally questionable results of the American culture of success.

◎本書榮獲 〈賽亟黎星球情事〉獲小詹姆斯．提普翠獎 〈荒山之道〉獲軌跡獎、小詹姆斯．提普翠獎 〈孤絕至上〉獲星雲獎 〈世界誕生之日〉獲軌跡獎 假如我們有異星同胞，我們會照見怎樣不同的人生？ 「地海」系列、《黑暗的左手》重量級作家 八個思索生命開始與終結、個體與群體、冒險與流浪、愛與恨、性與欲的人生詩篇 打破我們對自身人性想像的侷限，真正進入無限可能的宇宙 在瀚星世界中，人類移民太空已有很長的歷史，許多殖民星球已發展出與祖星瀚星或地球大為不同的社會文化制度，甚至連生理結構也演化出異變。星際聯盟「伊庫盟」致力探索散步宇宙各處的人類移民社會，在學者與使者的努力下，忠實記錄人類文明的種種可能面貌： 在格森星的雙性同體人類社會中，孩子轉大人，首次面對自身生理的巨大變化與勃發的陌生情慾－－那會是什麼樣的成年儀式？ 賽亟黎星社會的性別制度是另一種相當倒反的關係，女男生活嚴格分隔，女性擔起整個社會的運作大任，男性除了各式體能競賽與表演之外，僅有提供性愛與生育的功能。當外星文化終於介入，這層嚴格的分際與規範是否受到衝擊？ 如果一個社會徹底崇尚孤絕、獨立，致力避免以任何形式介入個人生命，會是什麼景況？一位來自瀚星的人類學家母親，帶著一對子女試圖融入這樣的社會，以期進行深入的調查研究，卻沒有想到這個獨特的孤絕文化對她的兒女各自造成什麼影響。這是一種文明退化閉鎖現象，還是性靈發展至極端的一種可能？ 一艘移民太空船已航行宇宙長達五個世代。船上的移民無時無刻不為未來可能的登陸做準備，一切設施、制度、生活方式、教育方向都導向這個目標；然而，不同的聲音慢慢形成。新生代完全在人工環境中成長、學習、生活，「母星」只是種種知識的綜合體或模擬影像。這群人如何選擇、創造自己的未來？心目中的新故鄉、新樂園究竟何在？ 八個異星紀事，帶我們航向宇宙最深處，也讓我們在離家最遠的地方返回最真實、最多樣的自我。 美國科奇幻代表作家娥蘇拉．勒瑰恩，充分運用科幻類型的無限想像特性，將人類社會型態發展的諸多可能，充分地演繹表達在這八個雋永的故事之中。勒瑰恩最擅長的乃以擬人類學田野觀察筆記與記錄側寫，將想像虛構的社會文化風貌，及其底下的現實人性問題，深刻地呈現出來，且毫無斧鑿痕跡，即便說教也說得趣味與餘韻十足。可以說，勒瑰恩從《黑暗的左手》與《地海巫師》開始至今所想要藉由文學去挖掘、思索、探討的諸多複雜議題，本書中的八個故事不僅是文字風格還是形式結構上，都堪稱典範。 「勒瑰恩的作品總是帶領我們超越對性別認知的尋常侷限，這部小說集也不例外。」 －－《紐約客》雜誌 「她是少數幾位能成功從科幻類型作家一躍成為重要作家的人。」 －－華盛頓郵報 「她筆下的人物性格豐富令人難忘，她的文筆更是以優雅不失強勁而著稱。」 －－時代雜誌 「勒瑰恩是位極為睿智且機智的作家，高明的說書人，幽默與力道堪比馬克吐溫。」 －－波士頓環球報 「再一次，勒瑰恩力道十足的作品證明：科幻小說不必然是逃避現實的東西，性別研究不一定都是尖澀刺耳的聲音，娛樂也不盡然是無腦的內容。」 －－洋蔥雜誌 「一道純粹的星光。」 －－科克斯評論 「勒瑰恩在本書所完成的，只能以「美」來形容。她探索了種種關係：我們可能對彼此感到陌生，甚至有如外星異客，但仍相愛。讀著讀著我甚至不知不覺流下淚來，我只知道我深深受到感動。」 －－牙買加裔加拿大科幻小說家、《午夜盜賊》作者／娜洛．霍普金森 「這是最偉大的科幻小說大師所寫的八篇睿智美妙的故事所集結而成的小說集，優美，深刻，令人著迷。」 －－美國科幻小說名家／羅伯．席維柏格

《跳出我天地》里，比利·艾略特的工人父亲坚持认为男孩子应该学拳击，而不是跳芭蕾；《光猪六壮士》里，下岗的工人们告别钢筋水泥，在聚光灯下跳起脱衣舞却收到了意外的喜剧效果..... 啤酒、烟草、男性气概的业余爱好、幽默但粗野的对话.....是电影给我们展示的英国工人掠影。 而来自普林斯顿大学社会学系的保罗·威利斯教授采用田野调查的方法，通过展现一个工业城镇里12个出身工人阶级家庭的男孩从毕业前18个月到工作后半年这段时期内的学习生活经历，向我们解释了英国工人阶级的子弟为何选择继承父业——这就是《学做工》一书所呈现给我们的精彩内容。 2013年3月，《学做工》这本20世纪社会学、人类学和教育学的经典著作，终于由译林出版社推出中文版，威利斯先生也将首次和中国的读者见面。 本书是20世纪社会学、人类学和教育学的经典著作之一。第一部分是生动通俗的民族志的深度描写，第二部分是精辟透彻的理论分析，向我们解释了工人积极子弟之所以继承父业，不 仅是社会结构性因素再生产的结果，更是他们对学校主流文化做出反叛的一种反讽新文化生产的结果。中文本还收录了作者于2000年所做的访谈，以及专门为中国读者写的序言，有助于读者从一个比较历史的角度理解全球化背景下中国的青少年教育和失业问题。

How can America's information technology (IT) industry predict serious labor shortages while at the same time laying off tens of thousands of employees annually? The answer is the industry's flexible labor management system - a flexibility widely regarded as the modus operandi of global capitalism today. "Global "Body Shopping"" explores how flexibility and uncertainty in the IT labor market are constructed and sustained through concrete human actions. Drawing on in-depth field research in southern India and in Australia, and folding an ethnography into a political economy examination, Xiang Biao offers a richly detailed analysis of the India-based global labor management practice known as "body shopping."In this practice, a group of consultants - body shops - in different countries works together to recruit IT workers. Body shops then farm out workers to clients as project-based labor; and upon a project's completion they either place the workers with a different client or "bench" them to await the next placement. Thus, labor is managed globally to serve volatile capital movement. Underpinning this practice are unequal socioeconomic relations on multiple levels. While wealth in the New Economy is created in an increasingly abstract manner, everyday realities - stock markets in New York, benched IT workers in Sydney, dowries in Hyderabad, and women and children in Indian villages - sustain this flexibility.

My girlfriend is so beautiful that she has never had cause to develop any kind of personality. People are always wildly glad to see her, even though she does little more than sit around and smoke. She's getting prettier, too. Last time she left the house she caused six car crashes, two coronaries, about thirty domestic disputes and an estimated six hundred unwanted and embarrassing erections. She seems to be quite indifferent to the havoc she causes. "I'm going to the shop for cigarettes," she'll say, yawning with that succulent, glossy mouth. "I suppose you'd better call some ambulances or something."