多梅尼科•斯坎代拉，一位普通的磨坊主，生活于16世纪意大利东北的弗留利地区。他能读会写，读过《十日谈》、意大利本国语言版《圣经》和曼德维尔游记之类的书，也能用自己的语言重述它们。他先后面对乡邻、神父和宗教法庭的法官，表达自己的情感，阐述自己对教会和世界的看法。如果有机会觐见教皇、国王，他也想要慷慨陈词。 他不相信基督救赎，怀疑圣经文本，讥讽洗礼等诸圣事不过是一桩生意。他说上帝是一缕空气，视众天使为奶酪中的蛆虫。他大声指斥压迫穷人的教士、贵族，呼吁教会放弃特权、返朴归贫，甚至渴望发起一场激进的宗教改革。对他的两次审判相隔十五年，亲朋的退避、教士的斥责和审判官的威吓，皆未动摇他“离经叛道”的立场和信心。 最终，在近乎默默无闻中度过一生之后，由于教皇的直接干预，他被宗教法庭下令烧死在火刑柱上，就死在大名鼎鼎的布鲁诺被烧死前夕。 金茨堡在错综复杂的审判档案和精英文化、低层文化之间穿梭游走，编织了一个结构巧妙、叙述迷人的故事。通过磨坊主多梅尼科的眼睛，我们看到的不仅仅是普通人的生活和思想世界，他的奇思异想、喜怒哀乐和挑战权威的决心，16世纪欧洲大众文化的瑰丽图景乃至欧洲宏大的历史画卷也徐徐展开。 编辑推荐： ★史学巨擘金茨堡经久不衰的经典，出版45年来首次在中文世界出版 本书是几乎每一个学历史的人都知道或听过的名著，自1976年出版以来，享誉全球，至今已以意大利语、英语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、加泰罗尼亚语、西班牙语、俄语、日语、韩语、捷克语、希伯来语、波兰语、爱沙尼亚语、芬兰语、克罗地亚语等多种文字出版了二十多个版本。本书不仅是微观史学三大代表作之一，经过半个世纪的检验，也已成为当之无愧的现代史学经典。 ★抽丝剥茧，探索个体的知识来源与世界观，呈现精英文化与大众文化的碰撞 在本书中，作者花了很大的力气去探讨主人公离经叛道的思想、读过什么书、可能接触过哪些思想和团体，展示了他读过的那些书与他阅读这些书的方式之间的差异，他以相当不同的方式重述（甚至扭曲）了他读过的内容。通过他的故事，我们不仅看到了他的生活，还看到了普通民众的宗教信仰、他以一己之力向宗教和政治权威发起的挑战，也可以感受到书面文化与口头文化之间的交织渗透：启蒙运动、宗教改革和印刷术都对这个“边缘小人物”产生了影响。

A survey of popular culture in 16th century Italy. Ginzburg’s study The Cheese & The Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-century Miller, first published in 1976, is one of those fascinating micro-histories which explores the remote lives of unknown and forgotten people. The story of Menocchio is one of a peasant life of obscurity but also one of strange and powerful ideas – confused and half-baked even – but powerful enough to bring him into conflict with the Inquisition and thereafter to the final purgatorial flames. “I have said that, in my opinion, all was chaos … and out of that bulk a mass formed – just as cheese is made out of milk – and worms appeared in it, and these were the angels, and among that number of angels, there was also God, he too having been created out of that mass at the same time ….” This was Menocchio’s own version of Genesis, recounted at his first interrogation: it has perhaps something in common with modern chaos theory. Sadly, the inquisitors did not appreciate the idea that God might have started out as a worm in a primordial curd. Nonetheless, this was Menocchio’s oft-repeated explanation, one he never recanted. More than an independent mind, Menocchio’s was a rebel spirit, harshly critical of Church and clergy and determined to have his say. His ‘learning’ was a fascinating hotch-potch of superstition, oral tradition, ‘strong’ ideas, misunderstood reading, peasant radicalism, paganism and ‘cottage cheese cosmology’. Ginzburg’s book details the patient mechanism of the Inquisition in Counter Reformation Italy as it sought to eradicate suspected heresy and heretical groups rather in the same way that Stalin suspected counter-revolution everywhere. Bruno burned for the books he had written; Menocchio burned for the books he had misunderstood. Both burnings demonstrate among other things the truth of the old adage; a little learning can be a dangerous thing. Menocchio’s roasting generated more heat than light but at least it did not contradict the Laws of Thermodynamics. Today in Montereale the visitor will find the Domenico Scandella Social Centre. In the piazza there is a monument in the form of a large wheel of cheese with one slice missing. Our heretic has become a hero. Stephen Dedalus said of Bruno that, heretic or not, ‘he was terribly burnt’; so was the poor miller from Friuli. A wonderful book... Ginzburg is a historian with an insatiable curiosity, who pursues even the faintest of clues with all the zest of a born detective until every fragment of evidence can be fitted into place. The work of reconstruction is brilliant, the writing superbly readable, and by the end of the book the reader who has followed Dr. Ginzburg in his wanderings through the labyrinthine mind of the miller of the Friuli will take leave of this strange and quirky old man with genuine regret. -- J. H. Elliott New York Review of Books Ginzburg has excavated a marvelous and melancholy tale. Lay readers know that historical work of this order requires formidable skills and dogged research... Ginzburg's discovery of Menocchio is a dazzling entry into the historical world of popular culture. -- Lauro Martines Washington Post

A survey of popular culture in 16th century Italy. Ginzburg’s study The Cheese & The Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-century Miller, first published in 1976, is one of those fascinating micro-histories which explores the remote lives of unknown and forgotten people. The story of Menocchio is one of a peasant life of obscurity but also one of strange and powerful ideas – confused and half-baked even – but powerful enough to bring him into conflict with the Inquisition and thereafter to the final purgatorial flames. “I have said that, in my opinion, all was chaos … and out of that bulk a mass formed – just as cheese is made out of milk – and worms appeared in it, and these were the angels, and among that number of angels, there was also God, he too having been created out of that mass at the same time ….” This was Menocchio’s own version of Genesis, recounted at his first interrogation: it has perhaps something in common with modern chaos theory. Sadly, the inquisitors did not appreciate the idea that God might have started out as a worm in a primordial curd. Nonetheless, this was Menocchio’s oft-repeated explanation, one he never recanted. More than an independent mind, Menocchio’s was a rebel spirit, harshly critical of Church and clergy and determined to have his say. His ‘learning’ was a fascinating hotch-potch of superstition, oral tradition, ‘strong’ ideas, misunderstood reading, peasant radicalism, paganism and ‘cottage cheese cosmology’. Ginzburg’s book details the patient mechanism of the Inquisition in Counter Reformation Italy as it sought to eradicate suspected heresy and heretical groups rather in the same way that Stalin suspected counter-revolution everywhere. Bruno burned for the books he had written; Menocchio burned for the books he had misunderstood. Both burnings demonstrate among other things the truth of the old adage; a little learning can be a dangerous thing. Menocchio’s roasting generated more heat than light but at least it did not contradict the Laws of Thermodynamics. Today in Montereale the visitor will find the Domenico Scandella Social Centre. In the piazza there is a monument in the form of a large wheel of cheese with one slice missing. Our heretic has become a hero. Stephen Dedalus said of Bruno that, heretic or not, ‘he was terribly burnt’; so was the poor miller from Friuli.