In Ways of Knowing, John V. Pickstone provides a new and accessible framework for understanding science, technology, and medicine (STM) in the West from the Renaissance to the present. Pickstone's approach has four key features. First, he synthesizes the long-term histories and philosophies of disciplines that are normally studied separately. Second, he dissects STM into specific ways of knowing—natural history, analysis, and experimentalism—with separate but interlinked elements. Third, he explores these ways of knowing as forms of work related to our various technologies for making, mending, and destroying. And finally, he relates scientific and technical knowledges to popular understandings and to politics. Covering an incredibly wide range of subjects, from minerals and machines to patients and pharmaceuticals, and from experimental physics to genetic engineering, Pickstone's Ways of Knowing challenges the reader to reexamine traditional conceptualizations of the history, philosophy, and social studies of science, technology, and medicine. Table of Contents Acknowledgments A note to the reader 1. Ways of knowing: an introduction An outline of the method Missions for this book An outline of the story 2. World-readings: the meanings of nature and of science Variety in modern Western medicine Meanings and readings Renaissance cosmologies Disenchantment? Natural theology and natural diseases Revolution, respectability and evolution Science, progress and the State Modernist human-natures Nature and culture 3. Natural history 'Historia' and representation New worlds, new properties and new creators Natures for pedigree people Natural empires Popular natural history Displays of technology, new and old 'Natural history' now 4. Analysis and the rationalisation of production Rationalisation and identities Production and analytical sciences 5. The elements of bodies, earth and society Medical analysis: corpse and patient Analysing plants and animals Sciences of the earth Analysing the social Reflections on the institutions of analysis 6. Experimentalism and invention Meanings of experiment Experimental histories Experimentation and the age of analysis Synthesis in chemistry Experimentation in biomedical sciences Experimentation in physical sciences On clouds, dust and control Experimentalism and hierarchies of knowledge Experiment and invention 7. Industries, universities and the technoscientific complexes Analysis and established technologies Electrical analysis and synthesis Electrotechnics and industrial laboratories Dyestuffs and pharmaceuticals Remedies for/from microbes Science and industry in and after the First World War Technosciences in and after the Second World War Coda 8. Technoscience and public understandings: the British case c.2000 'No one understands us' Science back in business The study of 'public understanding of science' The politics of technoscience Understanding public science Analysis and the bounds of 'science' Publics and natural histories Public understandings and world-readings Science, values and history Bibliography Index 和《佛陀的美麗新世界》一起，装在梁文道先生的口袋里，作为日常读物。