公元前424-423年的冬季，当伯拉西达袭击安菲玻里城的时候，他正指挥七条雅典战舰驻扎在塔索斯。驻守安菲玻里城的雅典将军攸克利求援于他，他驶往援救；他虽然打败了伯拉西达的军队，救了爱昂，但是他终于没有来得及挽救安菲玻里。安菲玻里的失陷，主要是由于攸克利的疏忽，但是他后来并没有受到处罚，而修昔底德却因此遭到放逐。修昔底德本人对于此事没有作任何辩护。马赛林那斯说，修昔底德是由克里昂的建议，以叛逆的罪名而被放逐的。当时是克里昂最有势力的时候，而且克里昂对安菲玻里的陷落十分愤恨，他提议放逐修昔底德是很有可能的。 从他被放逐到他回国这一段时期内他的生活，我们也完全不知道。唯一可靠的事实是公元前404年以后不久，他回到雅典了；这一点不但他自己的话可以证明，并且他的著作中有许多回国后修订的痕迹，例如他记载了公元前404年雅典及庇里犹斯的城墙的被拆毁，这只有他回到雅典后才可以做得到的。此外其他的事情都是由著作中推测得来的。他自己说到，在这段时期中，他有更多的闲暇来编写他的历史著作，他更有机会得到伯罗奔尼撒方面的消息。事实上也是这样的，自从他被放逐以后，他和雅典断绝了联系，他编写历史的材料主要来自伯罗奔尼撒。

Thucydides called his account of two decades of war between Athens and Sparta "a possession for all time," and indeed it is the first and still most famous work in the Western historical tradition. Considered essential reading for generals, statesmen, and liberally educated citizens for more than 2,000 years, The Peloponnesian War is a mine of military, moral, political, and philosophical wisdom. However, this classic book has long presented obstacles to the uninitiated reader. Robert Strassler's new edition removes these obstacles by providing a new coherence to the narrative overall, and by effectively reconstructing the lost cultural context that Thucydides shared with his original audience. Based on the venerable Richard Crawley translation, updated and revised for modern readers. The Landmark Thucydides includes a vast array of superbly designed and presented maps, brief informative appendices by outstanding classical scholars on subjects of special relevance to the text, explanatory marginal notes on each page, an index of unprecedented subtlety, and numerous other useful features. In any list of the Great Books of Western Civilization, The Peloponnesian War stands near the top. This authoritative new edition will ensure that its greatness is appreciated by future generations.

Written four hundred years before the birth of Christ, this detailed contemporary account of the struggle between Athens and Sparta stands an excellent chance of fulfilling the author's ambitious claim that the work "was done to last forever." The conflicts between the two empires over shipping, trade, and colonial expansion came to a head in 431 b.c. in Northern Greece, and the entire Greek world was plunged into 27 years of war. Thucydides applied a passion for accuracy and a contempt for myth and romance in compiling this exhaustively factual record of the disastrous conflict that eventually ended the Athenian empire.

The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.) was the greatest "disturbance" in Greek history to that time. The bitter rivalry between the two chief city-states, Athens and Sparta, and their respective allies ended with the ruin of Athens' naval hegemony and what the Greek historian Thucydides (ca. 460-400 B.C.E.) called a "convulsion" affecting all humankind. With the detachment of a clinician and the dramatic skill of a poet, Thucydides recreates the often savage events of the war and brings to life its chief protagonists: Pericles, Nicias, Cleon, Alcibiades, and others. The first of the "scientific" historians, Thucydides makes use of documentary material and relies on eyewitness accounts; even where direct documentary evidence is lacking, his keen understanding of human nature helps him to uncover the truth of what actually happened. The loftiness of its ideals, its painstaking research, and its beauty of expression have made the History of the Peloponnesian War a work that is in the author's own words, "a possession for all time."