勇气
The Black Phone (2021)
The Black Phone
★ 6.4 131 ratings
other title: 黑色电话 / 黑手机 …
2021 film directed by Scott Derrickson
Watched
July 17, 2022
气氛特别好,小姑娘演得特别好,所以给了四星。故事很简单,估计是评分不高的主要原因。地下室里的设定非常像那种密室逃脱类的解迷游戏,各种道具各种线索,虽说表面上有死者指引,不过其实还是小男孩自己捉摸出来的吧。还有一个亮点是Pink Floyd乱入,没想到跟情节还挺契合。
jeremy·davies 自救 囚禁 mason·thames madeleine·mcgraw
The Outpost (2020)
The Outpost WikiData IMDb TMDB Douban
★ 7.0 55 ratings
other title: 前哨 / 72小时前哨救援(台) …
A small unit of U.S. soldiers, alone at the remote Combat Outpost Keating, located deep in the valley of three mountains in Afghanistan, battles to defend against an overwhelming force of Taliban fighters in a coordinated attack. The Battle of Kamdesh, as it was known, was the bloodiest American engagement of the Afghan War in 2009 and Bravo Troop 3-61 CAV became one of the most decorated units of the 19-year conflict.
Watched
July 29, 2020
感觉这种片子才是反战片,大家都是炮灰,即使是当头的。当然战场上也有勇气和牺牲,不过要是能用在别的地方不是更有意义。前半段琐碎但是真实,后半段噼里啪啦
orlando·bloom caleb·landry·jones 阿富汗 勇气 美国电影
Thelma & Louise (1991)
Thelma & Louise
★ 9.1 1249 ratings
other title: 末路狂花 / 塞尔玛与路易丝 …
1991 film by Ridley Scott
Watched
Oct. 5, 2019
这片子搁现在估计也不会这么拍,多半会设定的更加政治正确一点儿。而且也并不觉得这片子仅仅是“女权”,感觉更多的是在嘲笑和反抗这个世界的荒谬和人们的愚蠢。最好的办法就是快意反抗然后从容赴死,男的女的都一样。
harvey·keitel 公路 女性 ridley·scott 勇气
It (2017)
It
★ 7.1 803 ratings
other title: 小丑回魂 / 它(台) …
2017 film directed by Andy Muschietti
Watched
March 18, 2019
很像怪奇物语,也是少年冒险的奇幻故事,怀旧的元素少了点。原著写的好,电影也不是为了恐怖而恐怖也都是好看的原因。唯一觉得有点儿苍白的是坏孩子那条线,要么弱化成背景要么强化到故事里,也许是为了以后的故事?美国好像从来不缺演技好的小演员们。非常期待第二部。
恐惧 勇气 美国电影 jaeden·lieberher jeremy·ray·taylor
HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF-BLOOD PRINCE
Douban
J·K·罗琳 publishing house: Bloomsbury 2005
'In a brief statement on Friday night, Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge confirmed that He Who Must Not Be Named has returned to this country and is once more active. "It is with great regret that I must confirm that the wizard styling himself Lord - well, you know who I mean - is alive and among us again," said Fudge.' These dramatic words appeared in the final pages of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. In the midst of this battle of good and evil, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince takes up the story of Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, with Voldemort's power and followers increasing day by day
Read
Feb. 27, 2019
应该算是这个系列到现在最好看的一本,虽然相比之前的几本并没有一个中心事件,更像是大结局前的引子和铺垫。非常佩服J K Rowling驾驭庞大故事的能力,很多细节和线索丝毫不乱。而且相比凤凰社的冗长这本书精练了不少,感觉是为了结尾准备冲刺一样。葬礼的那一段非常精彩。
爱情 勇气 奇幻 牺牲 harrypotter
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Douban
J·K·罗琳 publishing house: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC 2003 - 6
Book Description Dumbledore lowered his hands and surveyed Harry through his half-moon glasses. "It is time," he said, for me to tell you what I should have told you five years ago, Harry. Please sit down. I am going to tell you everything." Amazon.com As his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry approaches, 15-year-old Harry Potter is in full-blown adolescence, complete with regular outbursts of rage, a nearly debilitating crush, and the blooming of a powerful sense of rebellion. It's been yet another infuriating and boring summer with the despicable Dursleys, this time with minimal contact from our hero's non-Muggle friends from school. Harry is feeling especially edgy at the lack of news from the magic world, wondering when the freshly revived evil Lord Voldemort will strike. Returning to Hogwarts will be a relief... or will it? The fifth book in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series follows the darkest year yet for our young wizard, who finds himself knocked down a peg or three after the events of last year. Somehow, over the summer, gossip (usually traced back to the magic world's newspaper, the Daily Prophet) has turned Harry's tragic and heroic encounter with Voldemort at the Triwizard Tournament into an excuse to ridicule and discount the teen. Even Professor Dumbledore, headmaster of the school, has come under scrutiny by the Ministry of Magic, which refuses to officially acknowledge the terrifying truth that Voldemort is back. Enter a particularly loathsome new character: the toadlike and simpering ("hem, hem") Dolores Umbridge, senior undersecretary to the Minister of Magic, who takes over the vacant position of Defense Against Dark Arts teacher--and in no time manages to become the High Inquisitor of Hogwarts, as well. Life isn't getting any easier for Harry Potter. With an overwhelming course load as the fifth years prepare for their Ordinary Wizarding Levels examinations (O.W.Ls), devastating changes in the Gryffindor Quidditch team lineup, vivid dreams about long hallways and closed doors, and increasing pain in his lightning-shaped scar, Harry's resilience is sorely tested. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, more than any of the four previous novels in the series, is a coming-of-age story. Harry faces the thorny transition into adulthood, when adult heroes are revealed to be fallible, and matters that seemed black-and-white suddenly come out in shades of gray. Gone is the wide-eyed innocent, the whiz kid of Sorcerer's Stone. Here we have an adolescent who's sometimes sullen, often confused (especially about girls), and always self-questioning. Confronting death again, as well as a startling prophecy, Harry ends his year at Hogwarts exhausted and pensive. Readers, on the other hand, will be energized as they enter yet again the long waiting period for the next title in the marvelous, magical series. (Ages 9 and older) --Emilie Coulter From School Library Journal Grade 4 Up-Harry has just returned to Hogwarts after a lonely summer. Dumbledore is uncommunicative and most of the students seem to think Harry is either conceited or crazy for insisting that Voldemort is back and as evil as ever. Angry, scared, and unable to confide in his godfather, Sirius, the teen wizard lashes out at his friends and enemies alike. The head of the Ministry of Magic is determined to discredit Dumbledore and undermine his leadership of Hogwarts, and he appoints nasty, pink-cardigan-clad Professor Umbridge as the new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher and High Inquisitor of the school, bringing misery upon staff and students alike. This bureaucratic nightmare, added to Harry's certain knowledge that Voldemort is becoming more powerful, creates a desperate, Kafkaesque feeling during Harry's fifth year at Hogwarts. The adults all seem evil, misguided, or simply powerless, so the students must take matters into their own hands. Harry's confusion about his godfather and father, and his apparent rejection by Dumbledore make him question his own motives and the condition of his soul. Also, Harry is now 15, and the hormones are beginning to kick in. There are a lot of secret doings, a little romance, and very little Quidditch or Hagrid (more reasons for Harry's gloom), but the power of this book comes from the young magician's struggles with his emotions and identity. Particularly moving is the unveiling, after a final devastating tragedy, of Dumbledore's very strong feelings of attachment and responsibility toward Harry. Children will enjoy the magic and the Hogwarts mystique, and young adult readers will find a rich and compelling coming-of-age story as well. Eva Mitnick, Los Angeles Public Library From Booklist *Starred Review* No, you can't put it down, but believe me, you'll wish you could. This is not an easy book to lug around. Its worldwide hype aside, the fifth installment in Harry Potter's saga should be judged on the usual factors: plot, characters, and the quality of the writing. So how does it fare? One thing emerges quickly: Rowling has not lost her flair as a storyteller or her ability to keep coming up with new gimcracks to astound her readers. But her true skills lie in the way she ages Harry, successfully evolving him from the once downtrodden yet hopeful young boy to this new, gangly teenager showing all the symptoms of adolescence--he is sullen, rude, and contemptuous of adult behavior, especially hypocrisy. This last symptom of the maturing Harry fits especially well into the plot, which finds almost all of the grown-ups in the young wizard's life saying one thing and doing another, especially those at the Ministry of Magic, who discredit Harry in the media to convince the citizenry that Voldemort is not alive. Rowling effectively uses this plot strand as a way of introducing a kind of subtext in which she takes on such issues as governmental lying and the politics of personal destruction, but she makes her points in ways that will be clearly understood by young readers. To fight for truth and justice--and to protect Harry--the Order of the Phoenix has been reconstituted, but young Potter finds squabbling and hypocrisy among even this august group. And in a stunning and bold move, Rowling also allows Harry (and readers) to view an incident from the life of a teenage James Potter that shows him to be an insensitive bully, smashing the iconic view Harry has always had of his father. Are there problems with the book? Sure. Even though children, especially, won't protest, it could be shorter, particularly since Rowling is repetitious with descriptions (Harry is always "angry"; ultimate bureaucrat Doris Umbridge always looks like a toad). But these are quibbles about a rich, worthy effort that meets the very high expectations of a world of readers. Ilene Cooper From AudioFile Harry is 15, angry and alienated. Gone is the eager, wet-behind-the-ears boy wizard. He's morphed into a surly teenager. The story is slow to start, but a peerless performance by Jim Dale spins even long passages of exposition into gold. Once Harry reaches Hogwarts, the pace accelerates and the fun begins. Voldemort is secretly marshalling the dark wizards for war, the new Dark Arts teacher runs Hogwarts like a fascist state, and Harry learns of an ancient prophecy explaining his psychic connection to Voldemort. More thoughtful, missing the playfulness of earlier adventures, this artful coming-of-age story provides the perfect backdrop for Harry's adolescent angst and awakening consciousness. Dale's wizardry transports listeners to places Muggle and magical, and Rowling's inventive plot shifts and fresh characters make this "must listening" for older Potter fans. S.J.H. Winner of AudioFile Earphones Award Book Dimension : length: (cm)19.8                 width:(cm)12.9
Read
Sept. 17, 2018
去年开始读,中间中断了将近一年才又拿起来,实在是太长了,估计没有什么青少年读物能超过这本书的篇幅了吧。不过这次差不多是一口气看完的,故事确实非常吸引人,哈利波特系列越看到最后越佩服罗琳驾驭故事情节的能力。这本书的关键在于Harry的自负是导致天狼星死亡的关键因素,而且也颠覆了他父亲和天狼星的几乎完美的形象,很多微妙而残酷的东西电影里是表现不出来的。唯一觉得美中不足的是结尾,邓不多的解释苍白无力而且有些虚伪,不过仔细想想也确实没有什么更高明的设定了。
青少年 勇气 harry·potter 奇幻 冒险
Freak Show (2017)
Freak Show WikiData IMDb TMDB Douban
★ 6.5 35 ratings
楚蒂·斯泰勒 actor: 埃里克斯·劳瑟 / 阿比盖尔·布雷斯林 …
other title: 怪奇秀 / 畸形秀 …
The story of teenager Billy Bloom who, despite attending an ultra conservative high school, makes the decision to run for homecoming queen.
Jumanji (1995)
Jumanji
★ 8.0 423 ratings
other title: 勇敢者的游戏 / 逃出魔幻紀 …
When siblings Judy and Peter discover an enchanted board game that opens the door to a magical world, they unwittingly invite Alan -- an adult who's been trapped inside the game for 26 years -- into their living room. Alan's only hope for freedom is to finish the game, which proves risky as all three find themselves running from giant rhinoceroses, evil monkeys and other terrifying creatures.
Watched
April 18, 2018
当年的经典,因为看了续集把这个片子又翻出来看了一遍,20多年前的特技不能苛求什么了,不过看完了以后觉得续集拍的确实很好,不逊色于第一集。怀念一下Robin Williams。黑人警察演的特别好。
joe·johnston 穿越 勇气 美国电影 bonnie·hunt
Dunkirk (2017)
Dunkirk
★ 8.3 2140 ratings
other title: 敦刻尔克 / 邓寇克大行动(港) …
The story of the miraculous evacuation of Allied soldiers from Belgium, Britain, Canada and France, who were cut off and surrounded by the German army from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk between May 26th and June 4th 1940 during World War II.
Watched
Dec. 29, 2017
这种热门片子在上映之后很久等高清出来才看的结果就是看了很多评论,有好有坏,不过确实不太符合想象中这个题材应该拍出来的样子。但是这片子绝对属于渐入佳境的,非常难得。空军还是帅啊,脏活累活受罪都是陆军干了。
mark·rylance tom·hardy 二战 勇气 jack·lowden
Stranger Things Season 2 (2017)
Stranger Things Season 2 part of TV Series: Stranger Things
★ 8.3 1017 ratings
马特·达菲 / 罗斯·达菲 … actor: 薇诺娜·瑞德 / 米莉·波比·布朗 …
It's been nearly a year since Will's strange disappearance. But life's hardly back to normal in Hawkins. Not even close.
Watched
Nov. 5, 2017
除了8号小女孩那一支有点儿弱以外堪称完美了,每个角色都有自己的故事线,丝毫不乱。整个故事展开以后更好看了,加上怀旧的70年代元素和配乐选择都特别加分。留给第三季的悬念几乎没有,反而更期待后面会怎么发展。
ross·duffer 友谊 winona·ryder sean·astin matt·duffer
Game of Thrones Season 7 (2017)
Game of Thrones Season 7 part of TV Series: Game of Thrones TMDB Douban Eggplant.place
★ 8.4 867 ratings
杰雷米·波德斯瓦 / 马克·米罗 … actor: 艾米莉亚·克拉克 / 基特·哈灵顿 …
The long winter is here. And with it comes a convergence of armies and attitudes that have been brewing for years.
Watched
Sept. 2, 2017
并没有大多数评论的那么不堪,也许因为我不是原著党吧.觉得这一集龙妈的形象大为改观,然后就是小指头终于死了,其实从他离开君临以后这个角色就相当鸡肋了.不知道为什么只有7集,应该还有很多故事可以演,不用非得大场面.不过文戏其实更难编吧,毕竟离开了老马的原著了.
maisie·williams emilia·clarke 勇气 kit·harington 奇幻
Game of Thrones Season 6 (2016)
Game of Thrones Season 6 part of TV Series: Game of Thrones TMDB Douban Eggplant.place Skybridge
★ 9.0 860 ratings
杰雷米·波德斯瓦 / Jack Bender … actor: Maisie Williams / Emilia Clarke …
Following the shocking developments at the conclusion of season five, survivors from all parts of Westeros and Essos regroup to press forward, inexorably, towards their uncertain individual fates. Familiar faces will forge new alliances to bolster their strategic chances at survival, while new characters will emerge to challenge the balance of power in the east, west, north and south.
Watched
Aug. 10, 2017
一口气看了六季,感觉其实剧情推动得并不算快,也是因为故事线太多了.自从小恶魔跟了龙妈,这个本来是最有故事的角色一下子暗淡了,幸好他老哥老姐那边慢慢精彩起来了.最后一集比较过瘾,跟预告片有一拼了.
maisie·williams emilia·clarke 勇气 kit·harington 奇幻
Game of Thrones Season 5 (2015)
Game of Thrones Season 5 part of TV Series: Game of Thrones TMDB Douban Eggplant.place Skybridge
★ 8.8 862 ratings
迈克尔·斯洛维斯 / 马克·米罗 … actor: Emilia Clarke / Peter Dinklage …
The War of the Five Kings, once thought to be drawing to a close, is instead entering a new and more chaotic phase. Westeros is on the brink of collapse, and many are seizing what they can while the realm implodes, like a corpse making a feast for crows.
Watched
Aug. 7, 2017
这一季比较压抑,可能因为主要的戏份都在John Snow那边。最后一集留了大量的悬念,看的时候不由得庆幸自己等到了现在才看,能一口气看到第六季结束。现在剩下的几条线都比较有意思,君临那里的狂热教徒设定也非常好,本来乏味的这一条线也慢慢开始有意思了。
maisie·williams emilia·clarke 勇气 kit·harington 奇幻
Game of Thrones Season 4 (2014)
Game of Thrones Season 4 part of TV Series: Game of Thrones TMDB Douban Eggplant.place
★ 9.4 930 ratings
D·B·威斯 / 艾利克斯·格雷夫斯 … actor: 彼特·丁拉基 / 尼古拉·科斯特-瓦尔道 …
The War of the Five Kings is drawing to a close, but new intrigues and plots are in motion, and the surviving factions must contend with enemies not only outside their ranks, but within.
Watched
Aug. 4, 2017
这一季算是水准比较高的,不管是长城攻防战还是小恶魔的狱中谈话都很精彩.奇幻色彩也越来越强了.龙妈那条线仍然是糟点,不过幸好这一季终于不是以龙妈拯救世界为结尾了. 阿雅难道会成为后面几季的主角么?
maisie·williams emilia·clarke 勇气 奇幻 natalia·tena
Game of Thrones Season 3 (2013)
Game of Thrones Season 3 part of TV Series: Game of Thrones TMDB Douban Eggplant.place Skybridge
★ 9.3 958 ratings
丹尼尔·米纳汉 / 戴维·贝尼奥夫 … actor: Maisie Williams / Emilia Clarke …
Duplicity and treachery...nobility and honor...conquest and triumph...and, of course, dragons. In Season 3, family and loyalty are the overarching themes as many critical storylines from the first two seasons come to a brutal head. Meanwhile, the Lannisters maintain their hold on King's Landing, though stirrings in the North threaten to alter the balance of power; Robb Stark, King of the North, faces a major calamity as he tries to build on his victories; a massive army of wildlings led by Mance Rayder march for the Wall; and Daenerys Targaryen--reunited with her dragons--attempts to raise an army in her quest for the Iron Throne.
Watched
July 31, 2017
最后一幕有点儿恶心到了,要是能把这个到处拯救亚非拉的龙妈的戏删一删就好了。最后两集弥补了自从第二季以来主要角色死亡率偏低的缺陷。不过好在招人喜欢的角色还都活着,不招人喜欢的人有些还活着但是已经在苟延残喘。
maisie·williams emilia·clarke 勇气 奇幻 natalia·tena
Hearts in Atlantis (2001)
Hearts in Atlantis WikiData IMDb TMDB Douban
★ 8.1 35 ratings
other title: 亚特兰蒂斯之心 / 勿忘我(台) …
2001 film by Scott Hicks
Watched
June 7, 2017
一切都好,就是特异功能这个设定实在有点儿画蛇添足,故弄玄虚。儿童成长的故事加上60年代美国小镇的背景如果稍微用点儿心都不会太差。小男孩觉得眼熟的要命,没想到就是星际迷航里早逝的那个。
儿童 hope·davis 勇气 美国电影 anthony·hopkins
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
Saving Private Ryan
★ 8.7 1156 ratings
other title: 拯救大兵瑞恩 / Il faut sauver le soldat Ryan …
As U.S. troops storm the beaches of Normandy, three brothers lie dead on the battlefield, with a fourth trapped behind enemy lines. Ranger captain John Miller and seven men are tasked with penetrating German-held territory and bringing the boy home.
Watched
Jan. 28, 2017
时隔十几年才有勇气再看一遍,因为这片子实在太残酷,又实在是经典。战争可能是人类发明的最荒谬的东西,不过也是人性使然。发现里面有很多配角都是现在特别熟悉的面孔了,白老师,范·迪赛尔什么的,不过每个角色都很认真,很出彩。
二战 经典 勇气 美国电影 牺牲
The Secret Life of Pets (2016)
The Secret Life of Pets
★ 7.0 830 ratings
克里斯·雷纳德 / 亚罗·切尼 actor: 路易·C·K / 艾瑞克·斯通斯崔特 …
other title: 爱宠大机密 / Pet Pet当家(港) …
The quiet life of a terrier named Max is upended when his owner takes in Duke, a stray whom Max instantly dislikes.
Apollo 13 (1995)
Apollo 13
★ 7.8 203 ratings
other title: 阿波罗13号 / 太阳神13号(港) …
The true story of technical troubles that scuttle the Apollo 13 lunar mission in 1970, risking the lives of astronaut Jim Lovell and his crew, with the failed journey turning into a thrilling saga of heroism. Drifting more than 200,000 miles from Earth, the astronauts work furiously with the ground crew to avert tragedy.
Watched
April 30, 2016
再次看的时候发现好像没有印象中的曲折,毕竟是真实的事件,也许正是因为简单才精彩,地面人员的戏比三个宇航员好看。还原的60年代的气氛也特别有意思。
自救 真实事件 美国电影 勇气 灾难
灯塔
Tout Seul Douban
★ 9.0 208 ratings
[法国] 克里斯多夫·夏布特 translator: 吕俊君 publishing house: 北京联合出版公司 2016 - 2
若未知的世界让人心生恐惧, 我们是自我封闭,还是勇敢走出去? 欧洲著名漫画诗人夏布特 最敏感忧伤的“慢镜头图像小说” 讲述人类心底无法承受的孤独和渴望拥有的自由 ................... ※编辑推荐※ 这是一部探索现代人内在情感的图像小说,引导读者直面人生中的种种精神困境。故事讲述了一个被父母之爱所“禁闭”、只能靠想象力生活的畸形怪人,渐渐在词典的语言碎片和无名水手的帮助下,找到了真正属于他自己的人生。作品以独特的“慢镜头”叙事方法勾勒出人性中的美丑、孤独、胆怯、恐惧……具有极深的哲学意义和艺术价值。 希望《灯塔》能为深处浮躁社会的我们,寻得一盏明净的灯光,照亮那被遗忘的自信、善心和勇气。也许,这里会成为你下一个独自出航的港口,夜色庇护,此处独明。 ★ 《灯塔》是2009年安古兰国际漫画节入选作品,目前已有德语、日语、西班牙语、波兰语等多国语言版本。它在2015年4月还被法国话剧导演搬上戏剧舞台。 ★ 《灯塔》呈现了图像小说中独有的慢镜头叙事手法,用丰富的景别转换和对剪影、轮廓的细致描绘推进故事情节。同时,作品还巧妙捕捉了事物在各个角度呈现的情感意象,充满了神秘的哲学气质。 ★ 《灯塔》作者克里斯多夫·夏布特是曾两次获得安古兰国际漫画节大奖的法国作家,画风干净有力又不失细腻。他曾改编过阿蒂尔·兰波、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔和杰克·伦敦等文学家的经典作品,被业界誉为“漫画家中的诗人”。其中,他根据美国著名现实主义作家杰克·伦敦的短篇小说《生火》改编的同名漫画,也即将由后浪出版公司出版,敬请关注。 ................... ※内容简介※ 茫茫大海上的一座灯塔里,住着一位畸形怪人。因为相貌丑陋,他自出生起就被藏在塔中,与世隔绝地生活了五十年。父母留下的旧词典,是他认识外界的唯一窗口,在每个孤独的夜晚,点亮他想象中的世界。当他闭上眼睛、用手随意指向一个单词时,那些荒诞离奇的画面便接踵而来…… 直到有一天,渔船上新来了一位沉默寡言的水手,他用自己别样的方式,轻轻敲开了怪人心底紧锁的大门…… ............... ※推荐语※ 《灯塔》堪称一部发人深省的哲学漫画,作者创造了一个异化、空虚的独特空间,具有强烈的现实主义意味。作品的结尾正好与我的想法不谋而合,它在结束的同时又开启了比孤独更为深远的课题——无私与宽容。 ——漫画家Joël Heirman 376页至纯至深的情感,温情和幽默,忧伤和欢喜,互相交错,如梦如幻,它让我思考,又让我心碎。感谢夏布特,带给我一段如此凄美的孤独旅程。 ——日本读者 夏布特从来都不惧挑战,这一回他选择了大海作为故事背景,仅仅开头几页就显示出他过人的才气。 ——2008年法国《读书》杂志9月刊 一部极简主义的黑白作品,却绽放出如此强烈的人性光辉。 ——法国漫画书评网
Read
March 2, 2016
第一遍看完可能只用了十分钟,然后再从头细细的看了一遍,看似粗犷其实有很多精彩的细节。几乎没有语言的黑白图像完美的讲述了一个故事。好像法国的漫画家特别擅长这个。结尾的小悬念很像肖申克的救赎后面的桥段。
黑白 想象力 法国 勇气 孤独