Informed by Erik Erikson's concept of the formation of ego identity, this book, which first appreared in 1961, is an analysis of the experiences of fifteen Chinese citizens and twenty-five Westerners who underwent "brainwashing" by the Communist Chinese government. Robert Lifton constructs these case histories through personal interviews and outlines a thematic pattern of death and rebirth, accompanied by feelings of guilt, that characterizes the process of "thought reform." In a new preface, Lifton addresses the implications of his model for the study of American religious cults.

本书以简明清晰的文字对当代中国的历史轨迹做了逻辑梳理。作者认为，从执政党的建国方略、发展模式和基本政策角度考察，中国社会主义的实践路径经历了从实行新民主主义开始，途经仿效苏联模式、追寻赶超之路、发动继续革命和实行改革开放的五次历史选择。