In this textbook, Michael Morris offers a critical introduction to the central issues of the philosophy of language. Each chapter focusses on one or two texts which have had a seminal influence on work in the subject, and uses these as a way of approaching both the central topics and the various traditions of dealing with them. Texts include classic writings by Frege, Russell, Kripke, Quine, Davidson, Austin, Grice and Wittgenstein. Theoretical jargon is kept to a minimum and is fully explained whenever it is introduced. The range of topics covered includes sense and reference, definite descriptions, proper names, natural-kind terms, de re and de dicto necessity, propositional attitudes, truth-theoretical approaches to meaning, radical interpretation, indeterminacy of translation, speech acts, intentional theories of meaning, and scepticism about meaning. The book will be invaluable to students and to all readers who are interested in the nature of linguistic meaning.

本书反映了维特根斯坦从重返剑桥直至去世期间（1929—1951）对伦理学、哲学性质以及美学、心理学和宗教信仰等人类基本问题的独特思考。书中收入的五篇文章，写作时间跨度大、涉及内容多，几乎涵盖了维特根斯坦所关心过的重要问题，从语言、逻辑和经验，到伦理学、美学和人类学，从哲学的性质到数学的基础，所有这些内容都是维特根斯坦重返哲学舞台后有过深入思考并认为已经或接近形成最后思想的主题范围。本书对于人们了解维特根斯坦后期思想的全貌有着重要意义。

本书具有的意义和重要性异乎导常，它完全有可能极大地影响以未来哲学对相同和相关话题的讨论，值得每个对哲学有兴趣的人阅读和反复阅读。 作者在书中主要阐述了一种描述的形而上学，即认为形而上学应当满足于描述我们关于世界的思想结构，研究世界与作为世界一部并以某种方式与之相关联的人类的一些普遍必然的特征；摧毁了他所谓的“修正的形而上学”，即认为实在是比现象界更为终极的观点，认为只有满足某些标准的事物才是真实的，由此引出关于现象和实在的不同领域的区分。 在逻辑实证主义和日常语言哲学所掀起的一片反形而上学的喧嚣中，本书重新确立了形而上学作为一门值得尊敬的理智学科的地位。逻辑、语言、形而上学被结合在一起加以探讨，许多原本被抛弃的论题成为分析哲学的中心话题；“形而上学”课程生重新成为大学哲学系的必修科目。

The late J.L.Austin's influence on contemporary philosophy,which ranked with that of Wittgenstein,was substantial during his lifetime and has grown greatly since his death.He was descrbed as'one of the most acute and original minds that England has producde'. His 1955 William James Lectures,delivered at Harvard University,were first published in 1962.For this second edition the editors returned to Austin's lecture notes and their revisions make this a clearer and more faithful record of Austin's works. The lectures set out Austin's conclusions in the field to which he directed his main efforts for at least the last ten years of his life.Starting from an exhaustive examination of his already well-known distinction of performative utterances from statements.Austin here finally abandons that distinction,replacing it by a more general theory of 'illocutionary forces' of utterances,which has important bearings of a wide variety of philosophical problems.