格尔茨在本书中以个案研究的形式描绘了东南亚历史上曾经存在的一种国家形态，并将它与近代以来的现代国家形态和理念交相映照。他沿着马克斯·韦伯式的理路，从历史资料和田野经验中建构了一种“剧场”式的国家形态：各种大大小小的国王以自身的地位、礼仪和形象为根基，营造出相应的国家形象，在这种国家形态中，那些在现代国家中的关键因素如疆界等反而是不那么核心的问题。格尔茨并不打算否定权谋、剥削、军事、暴力等因素，而是在承认这些因素都在国家建构中发挥作用的同时，更偏重于指出现代政治学中对身份、人观、仪式等重要方面的忽视。
现代国家同样也存在着上述维度，只不过由于研究者们身在庐山之中，这种国家的“符号学”体系被大大遮蔽了。在拓展我们对现代国家的理解方面，《尼加拉》已经做出了足够重要的贡献。甚至可以说，作为一种完整的国家“类型”，尼加拉已经烟消云散，但作为一种形象，它至今仍然活着。

"Suppose," Clifford Geertz suggests, "having entangled yourself every now and again over four decades or so in the goings-on in two provincial towns, one a Southeast Asian bend in the road, one a North African outpost and passage point, you wished to say something about how those goings-on had changed." A narrative presents itself, a tour of indices and trends, perhaps a memoir? None, however, will suffice, because in forty years more has changed than those two towns--the anthropologist, for instance, anthropology itself, even the intellectual and moral world in which the discipline exists. And so, in looking back on four decades of anthropology in the field, Geertz has created a work that is characteristically unclassifiable, a personal history that is also a retrospective reflection on developments in the human sciences amid political, social, and cultural changes in the world. An elegant summation of one of the most remarkable careers in anthropology, it is at the same time an eloquent statement of the purposes and possibilities of anthropology's interpretive powers. To view his two towns in time, Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco, Geertz adopts various perspectives on anthropological research and analysis during the post-colonial period, the Cold War, and the emergence of the new states of Asia and Africa. Throughout, he clarifies his own position on a broad series of issues at once empirical, methodological, theoretical, and personal. The result is a truly original book, one that displays a particular way of practicing the human sciences and thus a particular--and particularly efficacious--view of what these sciences are, have been, and should become.