哲学
反对单一语言
Douban
[法] 克洛德·海然热(Claude Hagège)
translator:
陈杰
publishing house:
商务印书馆
2015
- 8
语言如何在人的塑造过程中发挥作用?
美国如何借助英语霸权取得其在世界范围的意识形态战争的胜利?
为何希腊危机可以印证以英语为媒介的新自由主义的反民主特征?本书是一部探究单一语言如何破坏人类文化多样性的警世之作
以《语言人》一书而为广大中国读者熟知的世界著名语言学家海然热发出了反对单一语言的抵抗号令。
作者运用大量的史实以语言学的方法揭示:当主次不再分明,高端的学术计划与平庸环境和短浅目标所带来的强大惰性发生了冲突,同一化已经扎根于人们的品味、观点、日常生活以及对存在本身的认识之中时,以英语为载体的单一思想便开始主导整个世界。
本书作者通晓包括汉语在内的五十多种语言,他通过对各种语言的文化内涵的比较分析充分证明了语言多样性如同生物多样性一样对人类至关重要。本书对于语言学、文学、戏剧领域的研究者、相关政策制定者以及关注语言和文化多样性的读者有特别重要的启示。
本书通过大量史实,运用语言学的方法就单一语言对人类文明的破坏,以及美国英语霸权必将遭遇的挑战进行了条分缕析的解剖。本书向世界发出了人类迫切需要文化多样性的强烈呼声,并且宣告以英语为媒介的新自由主义正在走向绝路。与此同时,作者也向读者展示了法国如何在世界范围内努力推广法语从而为倡导世界文化多样性发挥积极作用。
本书在客观上呼应了各种文明互敬并存的世界大势。
現象學十四講
Introduction to phenomenology Douban
Robert Sokolowski 羅伯.索科羅斯基
translator:
李維倫
publishing house:
心靈工坊
2004
- 3
索科羅斯基(Robert Sokolowski),這位老牌的美國現象學家,自1964年出版《胡塞爾形構觀念的形成》以來,就一直是現象學界中的頂尖人物。1996年春天,由於與一位數學教授的一場談話,激發他寫作這本認識現象學的入門書,引領讀者認識這門「既是簡單明瞭,又是錯綜複雜」的學問。
什麼是現象學?索科羅斯基指出,現象學是一個重要的哲學運動,也是二十世紀主要的哲學發展方向。它發端於二十世紀的初始,在步入二十一世紀初的今天,我們剛好能夠看到這一百年來現象學的發展。一般而言,二十世紀的西方哲學可分為英美的分析哲學,與歐洲的歐陸哲學,現象學即是二十世紀歐陸哲學中很重要的一部分。
現象學是對人類經驗的探索,是對事物在經驗中向我們顯現之方式的探索。現象學不只影響重要的學術潮流,如詮釋學、結構主義、文學形式主義、解構主義等,並已落實在生活世界之中,成為各種理論建構的基石,在藝術、心理學、護理學、人類學等應用學科中都銳不可擋。本書由大師出馬,以清晰與生動的例子,將現象學的基本要素、語彙做詳盡的解釋,也以日常生活為例,讓讀者從以往的習以為常,進入從現象學角度思考的哲學生活。
本書的優點有兩個方面,第一,基本概念清楚、不囉唆,也不引用原典術語,只要沈潛細讀,大學部的學生大抵都可以領會;第二是廣度夠,涵蓋現象學的存有層面、意義詮釋層面、乃至世界之建構面。想要了解什麼是現象學,本書絕對是第一流的入門必讀好書。
永夜微光
Google Books Douban Goodreads
沈志中
publishing house:
國立臺灣大學出版中心
2019
- 01
佛洛伊德留給這個時代最重要的遺產,是對於精神的提問方式能夠不斷翻新的知識力量。拉岡重新閱讀佛洛伊德的原因,在於他肯定精神分析是具有前瞻視野的理論,但這個應當對人類知識與實踐帶來革命的理論,本身卻建立在一個薄弱的基礎上。因此,拉岡的理論工作可喻為是對佛洛伊德這棟百年建築的二次施工。只是原本應是美化、修補的二次施工,卻變成了地基的全面翻新。本書的目的不僅是闡釋拉岡的理論觀點,更希望洞察拉岡如何重新賦予精神分析這棟百年建築新的生命。
本書為「拉岡學」研究的重要學術基礎,提取拉岡從1950年代起,橫跨二十多年系列講座(Séminaires)的核心概念,試圖以拉岡橫跨時代的講座論述,提出拉岡研究的主體性。作者以永夜微光的比喻,顯示拉岡的未竟革命大業,嘗試點出拉岡是在思考時代的暗影。閱讀拉岡,不是去追逐真理,而是如何在搜尋暗影中,生成人文思想和臨床實踐。只有透過此種策略,以一個綜觀式方法來閱讀拉岡,儘管可能只是微光,都可帶來深切的學術價值與影響力。
知识大融通
Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge Douban
[美] 爱德华·威尔逊
translator:
梁锦鋆
/
牟中原 (校)
…
publishing house:
中信出版社·新思文化
2016
- 10
融通,关乎人类历史,更关乎人类未来。今天的文化积累已让人类拥有可以改变自身生物本性的力量,以科学探究人性奥秘的新时代已到来。在一个更广阔的时空背景下,人性与文化、自我与社会都将被重新定义。威尔逊以无与伦比的雄心壮志提出融通计划,坚信它将赋予未来人类一种分析和预测的强大力量,让我们有能力应对即将到来的巨变。
这是一场浩大的知识历险。从大脑中的化学反应,到文化的基因基础,从颜色语言受到的遗传学限制,到《洛丽塔》中蕴含的生物学原则…爱德华·威尔逊轻松跨越科学与人文的鸿沟,自如穿梭于物理学、人类学、心理学、哲学、宗教、伦理与艺术等各领域间。这位殿堂级的科学大师用清晰、雄辩的文字, 将人类知识的新进展巧妙地编织到了一起,完成了这部博大精深又妙趣横生的著作。站在“巨人”的肩膀上,我们才能登上知识的巅峰,将今日破碎的知识风景尽收眼底。读过此书,我们将以全新的方式理解知识。
这是一部我们时代里程碑式的著作,融通的构想也必将成为人类认识自身与世界的一个新起点。威尔逊对未来世代知识图景的大胆想象,凝聚了他毕生对人类、知识和社会进化的深刻思考,极具独创性和启发性。每一位善于思考、关心未来的读者都应该认真聆听。
忧郁的热带
Tristes Tropiques Google Books Douban Goodreads
[法国] 克洛德·列维-斯特劳斯
translator:
王志明
publishing house:
生活·读书·新知三联书店
2005
- 6
other title:
忧郁的热带
作者在青壮年时期,曾亲访亚马逊河流域与巴西高地森林。在丛林深处找到还原于最基本形态的人类社会。
《忧郁的热带》即记载了他在卡都卫欧、波洛洛、南比克瓦拉等几个最原始部落里情趣盎然,寓意深远的思考历程与生活体验。本书最早出版于1955年,是一部对促进人类自我了解具有罕见贡献 的人类学、文学、人类思想杰作。
数学简史
Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty Douban Goodreads
[美] 莫里斯·克莱因
translator:
李宏魁
publishing house:
中信出版集团
2019
- 3
20世纪最后一位数学史大师,
克莱因被最多读者阅读的一本书。
……
音乐能激起或平静人的心灵,绘画能愉悦人的视觉,
诗歌能激发人的感情,哲学能使思想得到满足,
工程技术能改善人的物质生活,
数学则能够做到所有这一切。
……
25个世纪以来,数学史上发生了三次危机:非欧几何对欧氏 几何的冲击、无理数的发现及数的扩张 、微积分带来的分析困境;集合论悖论和其他逻辑悖论出现……使得数学大厦一次次面临倒塌的危险……
本书探讨数千年来数学在直觉、逻辑、应用之间穿梭往复的炫目旅程,再现真实数学的发展过程,阐述数学的起源、数学的繁荣和科学的数学化,直到当代数学的现状:数学与确定性(逻辑,严密性,完备性)渐行渐远。
克莱因透过数学史上的大事件一步一步剥开数学思想与数学思维变迁的脉络。
……
数学不是天然的宝石,只是人工的。
在今天,绝大多数聪明人依然相信物理世界的真理与人类理性的严密,本书正是要打破这一迷信。
……
数学家靠的不是运算准确、迅速,而是数学思维——数学是一种思考方式。
克莱因能够几乎不借助公式,用数学来解析思想,将数千年的 数学探讨如此深入,非常之了得。
The Emergence of Probability
DoubanBook Description
Historical records show that there was no real concept of probability in Europe before the mid-seventeenth century, although the use of dice and other randomizing objects was commonplace. Ian Hacking presents a philosophical critique of early ideas about probability, induction, and statistical inference and the growth of this new family of ideas in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. The contemporary debates center around figures such as Pascal, Leibniz, and Jacques Bernoulli. Hacking invokes a wider intellectual framework involving the growth of science, economics, and the theology of the period. He argues that the transformations that made it possible for probability concepts to emerge have constrained all subsequent development of probability theory and determine the space within which philosophical debate on the subject is still conducted. First published in 1975, this edition includes a new introduction that contextualizes his book in light of new work and philosophical trends.
Women, Fire and Dangerous Things
Douban Goodreads
George Lakoff
publishing house:
University Of Chicago Press
1990
- 1
other title:
Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind
"Its publication should be a major event for cognitive linguistics and should pose a major challenge for cognitive science. In addition, it should have repercussions in a variety of disciplines, ranging from anthropology and psychology to epistemology and the philosophy of science. . . . Lakoff asks: What do categories of language and thought reveal about the human mind? Offering both general theory and minute details, Lakoff shows that categories reveal a great deal."--David E. Leary, "American Scientist"
中西印哲学导论
Douban
张祥龙
2022
- 5
一个世纪前,梁漱溟先生出版了现代哲学史上的名作《东西文化及其哲学》,开创了中国哲学与西方哲学和印度哲学进行比较研究的先河。
一个世纪以来,比较哲学取得了巨大的进展,其中中国哲学家做出了巨大的贡献,《中西印哲学导论》就是硕果之一。作者张祥龙教授多年来在比较哲学研究领域进行了卓越的探索,作为国内和国际上多文明比较哲学的代表性学者,为深化哲学的理解、建构各文明哲学之间的对话,带来了诸多启发。
《中西印哲学导论》是一本带有普及性的哲学导论,按照哲学领域中重要的一些主题阐发了中国、西方和印度三种哲学的观点,比如哲学的定义、终极实在、真理和知识、道德哲学、政治哲学、美学等,在比照和互文中呈现不同文明的哲学特质。
Foundations of the Theory of Signs
Douban
Charles W. Morris
publishing house:
University of Chicago Press
1938
The Essential Mozi
Douban
Mozi
translator:
Chris Fraser
publishing house:
Oxford University Press
2020
- 7
Nasty, Brutish & Short
Douban
Scott Hershovitz
publishing house:
Allen Lane
2022
- 5
Say 'philosopher,' and someone grand, old and bearded might come to mind. But, as philosophy professor Scott Hershovitz shows in this delightful debut, some of the best philosophers in the world are better described as nasty, brutish and short--that is to say, they're children. Children make wonderful philosophers because they constantly question things that grown-ups take for granted, test theories about the people around them, and try to work out the way the world works. Following the lead of his two young sons, Rex and Hank, Hershovitz takes us on a unique tour through classical and contemporary philosophy, steered by questions like, does Hank have the right to drink Fanta? When is it okay to swear? And, does the number six exist?
Fast-paced and funny, Nasty, Brutish, and Short is a unique guide to the art of thinking. Alongside Rex and Hank, Hershovitz investigates big questions about rights, revenge, punishment and authority; sex, gender and race; the nature of truth and knowledge, the size of the universe, and the existence of god. The result is an irresistible invitation to become more discerning thinkers, by cultivating our innate, childlike wonder at the world.
The Spirit of Utopia
Douban
Ernst Bloch
translator:
Anthony A. Nassar
publishing house:
Stanford University Press
2000
- 11
I am. We are.
That is enough. Now we have to start.
These are the opening words of Ernst Bloch's first major work, The Spirit of Utopia, written mostly in 1915-16, published in its first version just after the First World War, republished five years later, 1923, in the version here presented for the first time in English translation.
The Spirit of Utopia is one of the great historic books from the beginning of the century, but it is not an obsolete one. In its style of thinking, a peculiar amalgam of biblical, Marxist, and Expressionist turns, in its analytical skills deeply informed by Simmel, taking its information from both Hegel and Schopenhauer for the groundwork of its metaphysics of music but consistently interpreting the cultural legacy in the light of a certain Marxism, Bloch's Spirit of Utopia is a unique attempt to rethink the history of Western civilizations as a process of revolutionary disruptions and to reread the artworks, religions, and philosophies of this tradition as incentives to continue disrupting.
The alliance between messianism and Marxism, which was proclaimed in this book for the first time with epic breadth, has met with more critique than acclaim. The expressive and baroque diction of the book was considered as offensive as its stubborn disregard for the limits of "disciplines." Yet there is hardly a "discipline" that didn't adopt, however unknowingly, some of Bloch's insights, and his provocative associations often proved more productive than the statistical account of social shifts.
The first part of this philosophical meditation—which is also a narrative, an analysis, a rhapsody, and a manifesto—concerns a mode of "self-encounter" that presents itself in the history of music from Mozart through Mahler as an encounter with the problem of a community to come. This "we-problem" is worked out by Bloch in terms of a philosophy of the history of music. The "self-encounter," however, has to be conceived as "self-invention," as the active, affirmative fight for freedom and social justice, under the sign of Marx. The second part of the book is entitled "Karl Marx, Death and the Apocalypse."
I am. We are. That's hardly anything.
But enough to start.