缓解病痛、戒断烟瘾、感化罪犯、特务侦查……百年前，催眠术曾席卷中国上下，被广泛运用于军事、医疗、科技、实业、教育、政治等各领域，不仅是供人娱乐的奇观，还被赋予更多时代任务。 在这个世纪转换的动荡年代，西方催眠术经由日本传入中国并在各个阶层传播开来，师生、警察、军人、商人、职员、心理专家等各色人物积极实践，主动参与催眠知识的建构，学院与民间的声音相互竞逐，呈现对“科学”的多元解释，也形塑了当时的科学文化氛围。作者指出，时人对催眠术的理解与实践，在一定程度上为之后华人社会的心理学、精神医学等领域的发展，提供了历史、语言、制度和知识的准备；同时，在晚清救亡图存的背景下，国人通过催眠术形塑自我，想象符合时代所需的理想新人。 编辑推荐： ★清末民初席卷全国的催眠术实验，究竟是蛊惑人心的“异端邪说”，还是来自西洋的“精神科学”？ ★展现一代人对精神世界与科学新知的另类探索。启蒙理性之外，国人也通过“无意识”的心理体验来形塑现代自我。 ★打破精英与大众的边界，改变传统科学史的精英视角，“普通人”不仅是科学知识的接受者，也是参与者与塑造者。 ★打破科学与玄学的边界，揭示“科学”概念变动不居的意涵及其在不同层面的流通途径。 评论推荐： 本书让我们看到在五四的“觉醒”话语之外，“无意识”的心理体验同样开启人们对自我和身体的全新理解，提供了现代性的另一个维度。 ——香港中文大学荣休讲座教授 李欧梵 这本书从一个全球史的观点考察催眠术由西方经日本传入中国的知识流动，以及催眠术在中国社会所发生的各种变化，将近代中国催眠术放在中西、古今交织的历史脉络之中来观察其多元之意涵……邦彦展示了与主旋律并存的多彩缤纷的催眠世界。我认为这一本书揭露了一部分催眠术的面纱，又引导我们再进一步思索沉吟，去探讨更为广阔而未知的世界。我相信许多读者会和我一样在捧读之下立刻觉得爱不释手。 —— “中央研究院”近代史研究所特聘研究员 黄克武 该书向我们展示了科学与玄学并不见得是截然对立的两极，大众科学也不只是科学的普及和通俗化那么简单，还意味着大众也是科学的参与者、实践者以及科学的社会文化属性的赋予者。不仅如此，该书还让我们看到了中国科学史叙事中罕见的“普通人”，及在近代中国语境中“大众”和“科学”概念的变动不居和独特意味。 ——南开大学历史学院院长 余新忠

Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Death. Confusion. In 1832, the arrival of cholera in the United States created widespread panic throughout the country. For the rest of the century, epidemics swept through American cities and towns, killing thousands. Physicians of all stripes offered conflicting answers to the cholera puzzle, ineffectively responding with opiates, bleeding, quarantines, and all manner of remedies, before the identity of the dreaded infection was consolidated under the germ theory of disease some sixty years later. These cholera outbreaks raised fundamental questions about medical knowledge and its legitimacy, giving fuel to alternative medical sects that used the confusion of the epidemic to challenge both medical orthodoxy and the authority of the still-new American Medical Association. In "Knowledge in the Time of Cholera", Owen Whooley tells us the story of those dark days, centering his narrative on rivalries between medical and homeopathic practitioners and bringing to life the battle to control public understanding of disease, professional power, and democratic governance in nineteenth-century America.

This book examines the role of the Nepali physicians in the revolutionary changes in 1990. These doctors are trained in the Western tradition, and participate in international scientific debates, yet they have always been concerned to develop a form of medical practice that was relevant to Nepali conditions, and which could speak to local conceptions about health, and so their medical practice was always politicized. Vincanne Adams argues that the commitment of these professionals to the values of science, and to public health, was crucial in their political activity, and that ideas and practices associated with the notions of 'democracy' and of 'science' supported each other. Describing her book as 'a story that explores how very fine the line is between politics and scientific medical truth claims', it therefore encompasses both the modern political history of Nepal and the role of medicine in a poor, largely rural, Hindu kingdom.

The assembly line was invented in 1913 and has been in continuous operation ever since. It is the most familiar form of mass production. Both praised as a boon to workers and condemned for exploiting them, it has been celebrated and satirized. (We can still picture Chaplin's little tramp trying to keep up with a factory conveyor belt.) In America's Assembly Line, David Nye examines the industrial innovation that made the United States productive and wealthy in the twentieth century. The assembly line -- developed at the Ford Motor Company in 1913 for the mass production of Model Ts -- first created and then served an expanding mass market. It inspired fiction, paintings, photographs, comedy, cafeteria layouts, and cookie-cutter suburban housing. It also transformed industrial labor and provoked strikes and union drives. During World War II and the Cold War, it was often seen as a bastion of liberty and capitalism. By 1980, Japan had reinvented the assembly line as a system of "lean manufacturing"; American industry reluctantly adopted this new approach. Nye describes this evolution and the new global landscape of increasingly automated factories, with fewer industrial jobs in America and questionable working conditions in developing countries. A century after Ford's pioneering innovation, the assembly line continues to evolve toward more sustainable manufacturing.

"A tremendously important book, one that attempts to redirect the thrust of scholarship in the area of business and economic history."--John N. Ingham, University of TorontoFlexibility, specialization, and niche marketing are buzzwords in the business literature these days, yet few realize that it was these elements that helped the United States first emerge as a global manufacturing leader between the Civil War and World War I. The huge mass production- based businesses--steel, oil, and autos--have long been given sole credit for this emergence. In Endless Novelty, Philip Scranton boldly recasts the history of this vital episode in the development of American business, known as the nation's second industrial revolution, by considering the crucial impact of trades featuring specialty, not standardized, production. Scranton takes us on a grand tour through American specialty firms and districts, where, for example, we meet printers and jewelry makers in New York and Providence, furniture builders in Grand Rapids, and tool specialists in Cincinnati. Throughout he highlights the benevolent as well as the strained relationships between workers and proprietors, the lively interactions among entrepreneurs and city leaders, and the personal achievements of industrial engineers like Frederic W. Taylor.Scranton shows that in sectors producing goods such as furniture, jewelry, machine tools, and electrical equipment, firms made goods to order or in batches, and industrial districts and networks flourished, creating millions of jobs. These enterprises relied on flexibility, skilled labor, close interactions with clients, suppliers, and rivals, and opportunistic pricing to generate profit streams.They built interfirm alliances to manage markets and fashioned specialized institutions--trade schools, industrial banks, labor bureaus, and sales consortia. In creating regional synergies and economies of scope and diversity, the approaches of these industrial firms represent the inverse of mass production.Challenging views of company organization that have come to dominate the business world in the United States, Endless Novelty will appeal to historians, business leaders, and to anyone curious about the structure of American industry.

"Shedd and Bacharach provide new insights, practical perspectives, and a scholarly justification for changing the archaic structure of our schools and the management of the professionals working in them... This unusually significant book will remain important for a long time to come." -- James W. Guthrie , director of Policy Analysis for California Education, School of Education, University of California, Berkeley

"We spend more time working than doing anything else in life. It's not right that the experience of work should be so demotivating and dehumanizing." So says Laszlo Bock, head of People Operations at the company that transformed how the world interacts with knowledge. This insight is the heart of WORK RULES!, a compelling and surprisingly playful manifesto with the potential to change how we work and live. Drawing on the latest research in behavioral economics and with a profound grasp of human psychology, Bock also provides teaching examples from a range of industries--including companies that are household names but hideous places to work, and little-known companies that achieve spectacular results by valuing and listening to their employees. Bock takes us inside one of history's most explosively successful businesses to reveal why Google is consistently rated one of the best places to work in the world, distilling 15 years of intensive worker R&D into delightfully counterintuitive principles that are easy to put into action, whether you're a team of one or a team of thousands. Cleaving the knot of conventional management, some lessons from WORK RULES! include: Take away managers' power over employees Learn from your best employees--and your worst Only hire people who are smarter than you are, no matter how long it takes to find them Pay unfairly (it's more fair!) Don't trust your gut: use data to predict and shape the future Default to open: be transparent, and welcome feedback If you're comfortable with the amount of freedom you've given your employees, you haven't gone far enough WORK RULES! shows how to strike a balance between creativity and structure, leading to success you can measure in quality of life as well as market share. Read it to build a better company from within rather than from above; read it to reawaken your joy in what you do.

What do teachers need to know in order to teach well? How important is the depth and quality of teachers' content knowledge as a critical aspect of their ability to teach? How can teachers best be educated, and how can we assess their accomplishments as teachers? In what ways is the professional preparation of teachers comparable to the preparation of physicians and other members of learned professions? What kinds of educational research can provide deeper understanding of teaching, learning, and the reform of education? These are just some of the many questions answered in this landmark collection of Lee Shulman's best work. A pioneer in the field of teaching and teacher research, Shulman's work and thinking have long influenced teachers and researchers. But while Shulman is one of the most widely cited scholars in education, his writings have been scattered among a variety of books and journals—until now. The Wisdom of Practice at last makes Shulman's major works on K-12 education and teacher education available in one volume. His interests in teaching of all sorts—in K-12 schools, in teacher education, in graduate programs for educational researchers, in liberal education—have been diverse. The essays included touch on such wide-ranging topics as the psychology of school subjects, medical problem solving, teacher knowledge, performance assessment, teaching in higher education, the scholarship of teaching and learning, the characteristics and pedagogies of the professions, the role of cases in professional education and research, and the character of relevant and rigorous educational research.

In The World's Newest Profession, Christopher McKenna offers a history of management consulting in the twentieth century. While management consulting may not yet be a recognized profession, the leading consulting firms have been advising and reshaping the largest organizations in the world since the 1920s. This groundbreaking study details how the elite consulting firms, including McKinsey and Booz Allen, expanded after U.S. regulatory changes during the 1930s, how they changed giant corporations, nonprofits, and the state during the 1950s, and why consultants became so influential in the global economy after 1960. As they grew in numbers, consultants would introduce organizations to "corporate culture" and "decentralization" but they faced vilification for their role in the Enron crisis and for legitimating corporate blunders. Through detailed case studies based on unprecedented access to internal files and personal interviews, The World's Newest Profession explores how management consultants came to be so influential within our culture and explains exactly what consultants really do in the global economy.

Excellence. Originality. Intelligence. Everyone in academia stresses quality. But what exactly is it, and how do professors identify it? In the academic evaluation system known as 'peer review', highly respected professors pass judgment, usually confidentially, on the work of others. But only those present in the deliberative chambers know exactly what is said. Michele Lamont observed deliberations for fellowships and research grants, and interviewed panel members at length. In "How Professors Think", she reveals what she discovered about this secretive, powerful, peculiar world. Anthropologists, political scientists, literary scholars, economists, historians, and philosophers don't share the same standards. Economists prefer mathematical models, historians favor different kinds of evidence, and philosophers don't care much if only other philosophers understand them. But when they come together for peer assessment, academics are expected to explain their criteria, respect each other's expertise, and guard against admiring only work that resembles their own. They must decide: Is the research original and important? Brave, or glib? Timely, or merely trendy? Pro-diversity or interdisciplinary enough? Judging quality isn't robotically rational; it's emotional, cognitive, and social, too. Yet most academics' self-respect is rooted in their ability to analyze complexity and recognize quality, in order to come to the fairest decisions about that elusive god, 'excellence'. In "How Professors Think", Lamont aims to illuminate the confidential process of evaluation and to push the gatekeepers to both better understand and perform their role.

This book gathers the author’s interviews with twenty leading sociologists from various fields at nine different prestigious universities in the USA, including their viewpoints, anecdotes and experiences in the world of sociology. Each chapter presents an interview with one sociologist, covering their views on contemporary sociology, their early university experiences, teaching experiences, experiences with publishing, and their reflections on life as a sociologist. Through the dialogues, readers can learn about sociology as well as sociologists’ lives in a unique and insightful way – just as the author did – and embark on a journey of discovering sociology. The book helps readers find their own answers to the two main questions explored: “What is sociology?” and “What is a sociologist’s life like?”

This book examines the phenomenon of apprenticeship by exploring it as a social, economic, and educational institution. Studies of apprenticeship in both craft occupations and supernatural specializations in Africa, Latin America, North America, and Asia are offered. The authors also look at apprenticeship as a method in anthropological field research. Many of the contributors have apprenticed themselves in other-cultural settings, providing a unique marriage of subject and method in cross-cultural research. Esther N. Goody provides a summary look at learning, apprenticeship and the division of labor.