本书的重点是研究追求各自利益的个体的行为，并分析在社会系统中有哪些因素影响个体的行为，即本书将提出一些关于个体动机的假设，并在此基础上推断整个系统的行为结果。本书提出的合作理论是基于对追求自身利益的个体的研究，而且这些个体中并没有什么中心权威强迫他们相互合作。个体追求自身利益，彼此之间的合作便不是完全基于对他人的关心或对群体利益的考虑。
本书是行为领域的经典之作，主题是合作的产生和进化。作者以组织的两轮“重复囚徒困境”竞赛为研究对象，结果发现在两轮竞赛中胜出的都是最简单的策略“一报还一报”。这一策略简洁明晰，具有善良性、宽容性、可激怒性和策略性，其出色的竞赛表现为我们了解个人、组织和国家间合作产生和进化提供了积极的前景，其结论在社会科学的诸领域产生了广泛深刻的影响，被广泛征引。

“There are at least two kinds of games,” states James P. Carse as he begins this extraordinary book. “One could be called finite; the other infinite.”
Finite games are the familiar contests of everyday life; they are played in order to be won, which is when they end. But infinite games are more mysterious. Their object is not winning, but ensuring the continuation of play. The rules may change, the boundaries may change, even the participants may change—as long as the game is never allowed to come to an end.
What are infinite games? How do they affect the ways we play our finite games? What are we doing when we play—finitely or infinitely? And how can infinite games affect the ways in which we live our lives?
Carse explores these questions with stunning elegance, teasing out of his distinctions a universe of observation and insight, noting where and why and how we play, finitely and infinitely. He surveys our world—from the finite games of the playing field and playing board to the infinite games found in culture and religion—leaving all we think we know illuminated and transformed. Along the way, Carse finds new ways of understanding everything, from how an actress portrays a role to how we engage in sex, from the nature of evil to the nature of science. Finite games, he shows, may offer wealth and status, power and glory, but infinite games offer something far more subtle and far grander.
Carse has written a book rich in insight and aphorism. Already an international literary event, Finite and Infinite Games is certain to be argued about and celebrated for years to come. Reading it is the first step in learning to play the infinite game.