美国
华氏451
Fahrenheit 451 Google Books Douban
★ 8.3 188 ratings
[美国] 雷·布拉德伯里 translator: 于而彦 publishing house: 上海译文出版社 2017 - 7
“比烧书更可怕的罪行是不阅读它们。” ★ 科幻大师雷•布拉德伯里反乌托邦代表作精装纪念版 ★ 法国著名导演特吕弗电影《华氏451》原著 ★ 在焚烧书籍的年代留下人类文明的备忘录 ★ 如果一个人就是一部书,你希望自己是哪一本? 华氏451度是纸的燃点,小说的故事发生在一个压制思想自由的世界里,这里所有的书都被禁止,消防员的工作不是灭火,而是焚书。故事的主人公已经当了十年的消防队员,但他从来没有怀疑过自己所从事的工作,直到有一天他遇到了一个奇特的女孩,他开始对自己的工作产生疑虑。于是他决定铤而走险,向这个世界发起挑战。就这样一批“书之人”暗暗聚集,他们都有惊人的记忆力,看完就把书烧掉,然后把内容记在心里。那些书储存在他们平静的眼眸之后,完好无缺地等待着将来某一天,那些手指干净或肮脏的读者再来翻动…… 该作品在五十多年前首次出版时曾造成巨大的轰动,被认为是反乌托邦小说的重要代表作。1966年被法国新浪潮著名导演特吕弗改编为电影。还曾被改编成同名游戏、独角戏、漫画等。 特以此精装典藏版,纪念科幻大师雷•布拉德伯里逝世五周年。他是科幻界的爱伦•坡,狡黠而忧伤的怪老头。天空中有以他名字命名的小行星,火星上有向他作品致敬的火山口。他是斯皮尔伯格、史蒂芬金的缪斯。他去世时总统亲自致悼词。如今,他离开我们五年了。来看看他笔下的世界,和我们身处的世界,有着怎样可悲又可叹的相似? 随书附赠布拉德伯里语录书签,收获属于你的科幻箴言。
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Dec. 21, 2021
「给他们填满不易燃的信息,拿『事实』喂饱他们,让他们觉得胃胀,但绝对是信息专家。这么一来,他们就会觉得自己在思考,明明停滞着却有一种动感,他们就会快乐,因为这类事实不会变化。别给他们哲学、社会学这类狡猾的玩意,往那方面思考就会忧郁。」
美国 反乌托邦 科幻
The Great Risk Shift
Douban
Jacob S. Hacker publishing house: Oxford University Press, USA 2008 - 1
America's leaders say the economy is strong and getting stronger. But the safety net that once protected us is fast unraveling. With retirement plans in growing jeopardy while health coverage erodes, more and more economic risk is shifting from government and business onto the fragile shoulders of the American family. In The Great Risk Shift , Jacob S. Hacker lays bare this unsettling new economic climate, showing how it has come about, what it is doing to our families, and how we can fight back. Behind this shift, he contends, is the Personal Responsibility Crusade, eagerly embraced by corporate leaders and Republican politicians who speak of a nirvana of economic empowerment, an "ownership society" in which Americans are free to choose. But as Hacker reveals, the result has been quite different: a harsh new world of economic insecurity, in which far too many Americans are free to lose. The book documents how two great pillars of economic security--the family and the workplace--guarantee far less financial stability than they once did. The final leg of economic support--the public and private benefits that workers and families get when economic disaster strikes--has dangerously eroded as political leaders and corporations increasingly cut back protections of our health care, our income security, and our retirement pensions. Blending powerful human stories, big-picture analysis, and compelling ideas for reform, this remarkable volume will hit a nerve, serving as a rallying point in the vital struggle for economic security in an increasingly uncertain world.
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Jan. 27, 2022
非常棒,把视角从单纯的不平等移到风险范式的转变。题外话,在比较视野下,美国的社会保障制度从各方面几乎都是最糟糕的,大量倾向于雇主而非雇员。其引申意义可以自己考虑一下。
政治学 美国 制造业
America's Assembly Line
Douban
David E. Nye publishing house: MIT Press 2013 - 2
The assembly line was invented in 1913 and has been in continuous operation ever since. It is the most familiar form of mass production. Both praised as a boon to workers and condemned for exploiting them, it has been celebrated and satirized. (We can still picture Chaplin's little tramp trying to keep up with a factory conveyor belt.) In America's Assembly Line, David Nye examines the industrial innovation that made the United States productive and wealthy in the twentieth century. The assembly line -- developed at the Ford Motor Company in 1913 for the mass production of Model Ts -- first created and then served an expanding mass market. It inspired fiction, paintings, photographs, comedy, cafeteria layouts, and cookie-cutter suburban housing. It also transformed industrial labor and provoked strikes and union drives. During World War II and the Cold War, it was often seen as a bastion of liberty and capitalism. By 1980, Japan had reinvented the assembly line as a system of "lean manufacturing"; American industry reluctantly adopted this new approach. Nye describes this evolution and the new global landscape of increasingly automated factories, with fewer industrial jobs in America and questionable working conditions in developing countries. A century after Ford's pioneering innovation, the assembly line continues to evolve toward more sustainable manufacturing.
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Jan. 28, 2022
非常值得推荐。对于工业大生产的剖析非常透,当然,正如书的主题所说,主要围绕福特制和汽车行业展开,我个人感觉其代表性足够了。从历史的角度看,美国式的大规模理性化流水线其实挺短命的──依赖于卖方市场和廉价能源,这两个条件成立的时间可以自己算算。一旦跳出耐用品市场,在消费品领域便竞争不过欧洲、日本以及后来的中国。至于为什么如此,书里还有详细描述。
历史 技术史 经济史 职业社会学 美国
Tangled Hierarchies
Douban
Shedd; Shedd, Joseph B.; Bacharach, Samuel B. 1991 - 5
"Shedd and Bacharach provide new insights, practical perspectives, and a scholarly justification for changing the archaic structure of our schools and the management of the professionals working in them... This unusually significant book will remain important for a long time to come." -- James W. Guthrie , director of Policy Analysis for California Education, School of Education, University of California, Berkeley
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Feb. 2, 2022
在什么意义上教育研究者变成了完全的「职业」?也许抛弃那些来自学科的知识先辈就是一种表现。可以自己开处方,而毋须借助任何学科知识,以至于完全错过了新制度主义者们在80年代的喧嚣。这本书举出这样一则故事。
教师教育 教育管理 美国 职业社会学
Nemesis Games
Douban
★ 6.4 5 ratings
James S.A. Corey publishing house: Orbit 2015 - 6
The fifth novel in James S.A. Corey's New York Times bestselling Expanse series--now being produced for television by the SyFy Channel! A thousand worlds have opened, and the greatest land rush in human history has begun. As wave after wave of colonists leave, the power structures of the old solar system begin to buckle. Ships are disappearing without a trace. Private armies are being secretly formed. The sole remaining protomolecule sample is stolen. Terrorist attacks previously considered impossible bring the inner planets to their knees. The sins of the past are returning to exact a terrible price. And as a new human order is struggling to be born in blood and fire, James Holden and the crew of the Rocinante must struggle to survive and get back to the only home they have left.
The Second Industrial Divide
Douban
Michael Piore / Charles Sabel publishing house: Basic Books 1986 - 10
Two MacArthur Prize Fellows argue that to get out of its current economic crisis industry should abandon its attachment to standardized mass production for a system of flexible specialization.
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Feb. 19, 2022
相当超前的「修正史学」,核心是重讲了「资本主义大机器生产」的故事,揭示资本主义的多样性(VoC观点在多达程度上继承了他们?)。作者写到了很多的不同领域,但最吸引人的是讲工厂的生产方式(shop-floor regime),法国德国意大利日本,各个都不一样,美式的大流水线生产征服全世界只是一个myth。既不是新古典经济学,也不是马克思主义,更偏历史一点。很有启发。
意大利 经济史 全球化 法国 日本
The Discovery of the Asylum
Douban
Rothman, David J. publishing house: Routledge 2002 - 11
This is a masterful effort to recognize and place the prison and asylums in their social contexts. Rothman shows that the complexity of their history can be unraveled and usefully interpreted. By identifying the salient influences that converged in the tumultuous 1820s and 1830s that led to a particular ideology in the development of prisons and asylums, Rothman provides a compelling argument that is historically informed and socially instructive. He weaves a comprehensive story that sets forth and portrays a series of interrelated events, influences, and circumstances that are shown to be connected to the development of prisons and asylums. Rothman demonstrates that meaningful historical interpretation must be based upon not one but a series of historical events and circumstances, their connections and ultimate consequences. Thus, the history of prisons and asylums in the youthful United States is revealed to be complex but not so complex that it cannot be disentangled, described, understood, and applied. This reissue of a classic study addresses a core concern of social historians and criminal justice professionals: Why in the early nineteenth century did a single generation of Americans resort for the first time to institutional care for its convicts, mentally ill, juvenile delinquents, orphans, and adult poor? Rothman's compelling analysis links this phenomenon to a desperate effort by democratic society to instill a new social order as it perceived the loosening of family, church, and community bonds. As debate persists on the wisdom and effectiveness of these inherited solutions. "The Discovery of the Asylum offers a fascinating reflection on our past as well as a source ofinspiration for a new century of students and professionals in criminal justice, corrections, social history, and law enforcement.
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March 10, 2022
一本历史社会学的佳作,讲述了疯人院(asylum)在十九世纪美国形成的过程。作为训诫、纠正社会底层的过失人士(delinquent,穷人疯子小偷小摸等等)的社会制度,如何在社会剧烈变动的背景下创造出了一种对身体、精神、行为的改造(correction)。即作为传统制(家庭、监狱)度反面,也是补充。尤其是秩序、纪律与服从。
历史社会学 社会制度 十九世纪 美国
Working Knowledge
Douban
Joel Isaac publishing house: Harvard University Press 2012 - 6
The human sciences in the English-speaking world have been in a state of crisis since the Second World War. The battle between champions of hard-core scientific standards and supporters of a more humanistic, interpretive approach has been fought to a stalemate. Joel Isaac seeks to throw these contemporary disputes into much-needed historical relief. In "Working Knowledge" he explores how influential thinkers in the twentieth century's middle decades understood the relations among science, knowledge, and the empirical study of human affairs. For a number of these thinkers, questions about what kinds of knowledge the human sciences could produce did not rest on grand ideological gestures toward "science" and "objectivity" but were linked to the ways in which knowledge was created and taught in laboratories and seminar rooms. Isaac places special emphasis on the practical, local manifestations of their complex theoretical ideas. In the case of Percy Williams Bridgman, Talcott Parsons, B. F. Skinner, W. V. O. Quine, and Thomas Kuhn, the institutional milieu in which they constructed their models of scientific practice was Harvard University. Isaac delineates the role the "Harvard complex" played in fostering connections between epistemological discourse and the practice of science. Operating alongside but apart from traditional departments were special seminars, interfaculty discussion groups, and non-professionalized societies and teaching programs that shaped thinking in sociology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, science studies, and management science. In tracing this culture of inquiry in the human sciences, Isaac offers intellectual history at its most expansive.
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July 28, 2022
三星半,既是哈佛的制度史,也是二战以后社科人文挑战科学史的思想史。关注的是库恩这个现象的形成。
历史 美国 科学史
Seeing the World
Douban
Mitchell L. Stevens / Cynthia Miller-Idriss … publishing house: Princeton University Press 2018 - 2
An in-depth look at why American universities continue to favor U.S.-focused social science research despite efforts to make scholarship more cosmopolitan U.S. research universities have long endeavored to be cosmopolitan places, yet the disciplines of economics, political science, and sociology have remained stubbornly parochial. Despite decades of government and philanthropic investment in international scholarship, the most prestigious academic departments still favor research and expertise on the United States. Why? Seeing the World answers this question by examining university research centers that focus on the Middle East and related regional area studies. Drawing on candid interviews with scores of top scholars and university leaders to understand how international inquiry is perceived and valued inside the academy, Seeing the World explains how intense competition for tenure-line appointments encourages faculty to pursue “American” projects that are most likely to garner professional advancement. At the same time, constrained by tight budgets at home, university leaders eagerly court patrons and clients worldwide but have a hard time getting departmental faculty to join the program. Together these dynamics shape how scholarship about the rest of the world evolves. At once a work-and-occupations study of scholarly disciplines, an essay on the formal organization of knowledge, and an inquiry into the fate of area studies, Seeing the World is a must-read for anyone who cares about the future of knowledge in a global era.
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Oct. 4, 2022
一般般,数据很水。有意思的地方可能是1)描述Chaos of Discipline之外的non-departmental structure在大学内的发展(但其实这样也不需要数据,理论就行了);以及2)区域研究的特殊地位──后者可以算是这批数据的核心吧。这个历史研究还算可以,但也不够批判(作者没怎么分析区域研究和美国霸权之间的直接联系)。
高等教育 教育社会学 美国
Sixties Legacy
Douban
Neumann, Richard 2003
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Oct. 31, 2022
美国另类学校的历史。我一直对此类学校能否称为一场「运动」挺感兴趣的。这本书追溯从早期(1960)的humanistic-centered education 的中期以diversity, autonomy, choice为核心意识形态。80和90年代形成了school choice的基础。不是一个一贯致之的运动。松散。以和主流的「参照」作为定位自我的主要手段。数据质量一般般,分析也就凑合,该题材还有很多可以挖掘。
历史 教育社会学 美国
Ghosts in the Schoolyard
Douban
Eve Ewing publishing house: University of Chicago Press 2018
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Dec. 9, 2021
两星半。像是长篇幅的op-ed。作者的写作能力很强(她出版了各种类型的书),也是一个非常engaging的人,但对于期望有历史感或者理论导向的读者来说比较失望。这个议题上已经积累了大量的经验和论证,我不觉得本书在这方面提出任何新意,当然她饱含情感(作者自己教书的一家学校就是被关闭的之一,里面的人和事都写得很好),但如果说「保存我们的文化传统」是一声呼喊,同样的论点反过来用不也一样吗?
社会学 教育社会学 美国
Knowledge in the Time of Cholera
Douban
Whooley, Owen publishing house: University of Chicago Press 2013 - 4
Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Death. Confusion. In 1832, the arrival of cholera in the United States created widespread panic throughout the country. For the rest of the century, epidemics swept through American cities and towns, killing thousands. Physicians of all stripes offered conflicting answers to the cholera puzzle, ineffectively responding with opiates, bleeding, quarantines, and all manner of remedies, before the identity of the dreaded infection was consolidated under the germ theory of disease some sixty years later. These cholera outbreaks raised fundamental questions about medical knowledge and its legitimacy, giving fuel to alternative medical sects that used the confusion of the epidemic to challenge both medical orthodoxy and the authority of the still-new American Medical Association. In "Knowledge in the Time of Cholera", Owen Whooley tells us the story of those dark days, centering his narrative on rivalries between medical and homeopathic practitioners and bringing to life the battle to control public understanding of disease, professional power, and democratic governance in nineteenth-century America.
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Dec. 8, 2021
把职业和知识社会学结合在一起的作品。一方面是职业的生态理论,另一方面是认识论对于不同医疗派别之间turf war(医治霍乱大流行)的影响。从大体结论上来说没有特别出彩的地方:对抗疗法派最终成为了AMA,并且将「霍乱微生物说」纳入自己的话语/知识系统里,从而完成了epistemic closure。但turf war有很多不同打法,认识论争议甚至可能算不上必要条件(pp.230)。突出知识的一面确实有新意,但对于大图景,以及其他职业化过程的作用,我还是心存疑虑。
社会学 职业社会学 STS 医疗 十九世纪
An Elusive Science
Douban
Ellen Condliffe Lagemann publishing house: University Of Chicago Press 2002 - 5
Since its beginnings at the start of the 20th century, educational scholarship has been a marginal field, criticized by public policy makers and relegated to the fringes of academe. An Elusive Science explains why, providing a critical history of the traditions, conflicts, and institutions that have shaped the study of education over the past century.
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Dec. 6, 2021
五星推荐。非常完整的历史叙事,既accessible又充满洞见。这么多年以后重新回首这段历史——在博士班的时候我从身边老师那听过其中许多内容,但当时都自以为是地觉得「美国的历史有什么意思?」——才发现学科发展有那么多相似性。TC、斯坦福和哈佛在20世纪早期的历史和今天有非常多的相似之处。教育作为一个「有利可图」但低人一等的领域,与社会科学的其他学科保持着一种奇怪的动态。这一态势不单单在心理学,同样在教育管理,课程研究领域一再重复。当然,Lagemann的视角是教育领域内部,所以她忽视的是学科生态之间的关系,或者说,是过度决定导致生态没法出现;同样,二元论(杜威和桑代克、学校调查和心理测量、教育史和历史学者)也遮盖了学科知识发展的其他路径,一个最典型的例子当然是杜威的实用主义后代们。
社会学 教育 教育社会学 职业社会学 高等教育
Turning the Soul
Douban
Haroutunian-Gordon, Sophie 1991 - 4
Is our nation's educational system faltering in part because it strives to teach students predetermined "right" answers to questions? In "Turning the Soul," Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon offers and alternative to methods advocated by conventional educational practice. By guiding the reader back and forth between two high school classes discussing Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet," she gracefully introduces the alternative approach to education: interpretive discussion. One class, located in a private, racially integrated urban school, has had many conversations about the meaning of books. The second group, less advantaged students in a largely black urban school, has not. The reader watches as students in each group begin to draw upon experiences in their personal lives to speculate about events in the play. The students assist one another with the interpretation of complex passages, pose queries that help sustain the conversation, and struggle to "get Shakespeare right." Though the teachers suffer moments of intense frustration, they are rewarded by seeing their students learn to engage in meaningful exchange. Because "Turning the Soul" draws on actual classroom conversations, it presents the range of difficulties that one encounters in interpretive discussion. The book describes the assumptions about learning that the use of such discussion in the classroom presupposes, and it offers a theoretical perspective from which to view the changes in both students and teachers.
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Dec. 5, 2021
很好的课堂民族志。两间学校,同一门课程(阅读《罗密欧与茱丽叶》),围绕在「讨论如何建构、发展」这个中心议题上。框架上很传统,杜威的「making forward and backward connection」。阐释地很细,比当代一众lesson study要好太多。
民族志 教育社会学 美国
Failing Law Schools
Douban
Brian Z. Tamanaha publishing house: University Of Chicago Press 2012 - 6
On the surface, law schools today are thriving. Enrollments are on the rise, and their resources are often the envy of every other university department. Yet behind the flourishing facade, law schools are failing abjectly. Recent front-page stories have detailed widespread dubious practices, misleading placement reports, and the fundamental failure to prepare graduates to enter the profession. Addressing all these problems and more in a ringing critique is renowned legal scholar Brian Z. Tamanaha. Piece by piece, Tamanaha lays out the how and why of the crisis and the likely consequences if the current trend continues. At the heart of the problem, he argues, are the economic demands and competitive pressures on law schools - driven by competition over U.S. News and World Report ranking. When paired with a lack of regulatory oversight, the work environment of professors, the limited information available to prospective students, and loan-based tuition financing, the result is a system that is fundamentally unsustainable. With "Failing Law Schools", Tamanaha has provided the perfect resource for assessing what's wrong with law schools and figuring out how to fix them.
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Sept. 20, 2021
法学院内幕。我觉得和医学院很类似,还有其他专业学院也能类比。就是这个以纯以市场为导向(排名、校友捐款、LSAT成绩,录取率)的模式有利于一小部分精英学校,代价由其余学校和学生承担:学费高昂、效率低下、找不到工作,等等。其中有一小节吐槽法学研究无助于法律实践,也满有意思的。
职业社会学 法学 美国
Law School
Douban
Stevens, Robert 1987 - 2
In this first general history of legal education, Stevens traces the development of law schools, the legal profession, and legal thought, relating their evolution to intellectual, political, and social trends. He describes how the establishment gained power over education after 1920 and how, in the past two decades, both students and the practicing profession have questioned this authority. He also examines the implications of the "legal revolution" and new opportunities for women and minorities.
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Sept. 16, 2021
史料不错。浅显易懂。中译也很过硬。给我一个启发:塑造职业教育更多的是不是来自职业本身的特性(比方上庭、男性主导、以及垄断)。
职业社会学 美国