本书由作者多年在芝加哥大学、爱尔兰根－纽伦堡大学、柏林自由大学、哥廷根大学等美国及欧洲各大学教授社会学课程的讲稿整理成册，全面介绍了第二次世界大战结束后，德国、法国、美国、英国的社会学领域的新进展，包括帕森斯的规范论功能主义、新功利主义、冲突社会学、哈贝马斯的沟通行动理论、卢曼的功能论、吉登斯的结构化理论、结构主义与后结构主义、布迪厄的文化社会学、法国的反结构主义、女性主义社会理论、新实用主义等内容。 在本书中，作者不仅打破了社会学理论研究的“美国中心主义”视角，建立了一个更为全面的现代西方社会理论框架，而且还令中国读者对第二次世界大战以来西方社会理论的发展及其丰富性有一个更全面的了解，并对西方学者自身在社会理论解读视角方面的多样性有一个切身的体会。

The author of this text traces the growth and development of major leagues in baseball, football, basketball, and hockey in the USA, and predicts fundamental changes as the majors pursue international expansion. He shows how every past expansion of sports publics has been accompanied by significant changes in the way sporting competition is organized. With each reorganization, the majors have created teams closer in ability, bringing repetition to competition across time, only to expand and energize the public's search for differences between teams and for events that disrupt the repetitive flow. Leifer's ideas have significant implications for the future of major league sports.

http://www.sociologypress.com/books/interest/awareness_of_dying.htm This is the first grounded theory book, now pub­lished in four languages. Its resounding suc­cess led to the seminal codification of classic grounded theory method­ology, in "Discovery of Grounded Theory”. At the time of the study, American physi­cians were quite reluctant to disclose impending death to their patients. The book addresses the social psychological problems of dying in hospitals when the patient knows and does not know, with varying degrees between, that he/she is dying. It focuses on the effects of interaction and tactics used by nurses in care of the dying patient within different awareness contests. CONTENT Part 1 Introduction 1 The problem of awareness of dying 2 Expectations of death: A problem in social definition Part II Types of Awareness Contexts 3 Closed awareness 4 Suspicion awareness: The contest for control 5 The ritual drama of mutual pretence 6 The ambiguities of open awareness 7 Discounting awareness Part III Problems of Awareness 8 Direct disclosure of terminality 9 The unaware family 10 The aware family 11 “Nothing more to do”: The problem of no recovery 12 “Nothing more to do”: The problem of comfort 13 Awareness and the nurse’s composure Part IV Conclusions 14 The practical use of awareness theory 15 Awareness and the study of social interaction Appendix Methods of Collection and Analysis

http://www.sociologypress.com/books/interest/time_for_dying.htm This book is a sequel to “Awareness for Dying” and focuses on the temporal aspects of dying in hospitals. Dying takes varying amounts of time, from sudden to excessive lingering. The social psychological events that take place during dying as a temporal process given professional codes and training and hospital prescribed work are explored and woven into a theory of status passage. CONTENT Chapter 1 Dying trajectories Chapter 2 Sudden Death: A case of suicide Chapter 3 Initial definitions of the dying trajectory Chapter 4 Lingering trajectories: Institutional dying Chapter 5 Lingering trajectories: At home and in hospitals Chapter 6 The expected quick trajectory Chapter 7 The unexpected quick trajectory Chapter 8 Last weeks an days Chapter 9 Finding the dying trajectory Chapter 10 After death in the hospital Chapter 11 Time, structural processes and status passage Chapter 12 Improving the care of the dying Appendix

提到方便，台灣民眾腦海中第一個浮現的絕對是便利商店。台灣超商的便利程度不僅讓台灣人滿意，也讓外國人嘖嘖稱奇、大為讚賞。 但如此便利的生活，是值得驕傲的台灣之光嗎？還是台灣社會的隱憂？ 便利商店從1970年代引進台灣，從起初的乏人問津，如今已經成為民眾不可或缺的商店。 2020年代的台灣超商店員，必須熟記三、四千種商品的位置，瞭解熱狗、關東煮、地瓜、咖啡、霜淇淋怎麼製作，還要提供千百種繳費服務，更要記得客人的喜好和各種商品的暱稱；貨架空了要趕快補貨、地板髒了也要盡快打掃乾淨。 隨著台灣超商的不斷進化，超商店員要做的事情越來越多，人們因此稱讚店員很萬能，但這麼萬能的職業，究竟是怎麼形成的？ 作者以長年在超商打工的田野觀察，運用社會學的觀點，解析超商運作，揭露店員何以萬能的秘密。從以下面向揭露萬能店員的現象 1.超商的設計，如何讓店員必須同時做很多事？ 2.為了讓消費者感到便利，超商店員如何變得過勞？ 3.我們對於便利的無止盡要求，將會造成什麼社會代價？ 本書指出台灣的便利是廉價的便利，我們用很便宜的價格，獲得超級便利的生活，這些隱形的成本被攤提到每一位工作者身上，以至於我們從未察覺便利是有價的。 我們對於便利無止盡的要求，正吞噬著許多人的工作現場，讓他們陷於無邊無際的忙碌之中，包括我們自己。 我們不斷加班、不斷付出時間給工作，而這些工作往往是為了服務另一群人，因此下班後我們必須透過各種便利的消費，來彌補被工作剝奪的時間。 「下班時間壓榨別人，上班再等著被壓榨」 不僅是當代台灣勞工的常態，也是一道來自工作與生活的枷鎖，重重地銬住我們的雙腳，一步步侵蝕著我們的主體性。

Social scientists, whether earnest graduate students or tenured faculty members, clearly know the rules that govern good writing. But for some reason they choose to ignore those guidelines and churn out turgid, pompous, and obscure prose. Distinguished sociologist Howard S. Becker, true to his calling, looks for an explanation for this bizarre behavior not in the psyches of his colleagues but in the structure of his profession. In this highly personal and inspirational volume he considers academic writing as a social activity. Both the means and the reasons for writing a thesis or article or book are socially structured by the organization of graduate study, the requirements for publication, and the conditions for promotion, and the pressures arising from these situations create the writing style so often lampooned and lamented. Drawing on his thirty-five years' experience as a researcher, writer, and teacher, Becker exposes the foibles of the academic profession to the light of sociological analysis and gentle humor. He also offers eminently useful suggestions for ways to make social scientists better and more productive writers. Among the topics discussed are how to overcome the paralyzing fears of chaos and ridicule that lead to writer's block; how to rewrite and revise, again and again; how to adopt a persona compatible with lucid prose; how to deal with that academic bugaboo, "the literature." There is also a chapter by Pamela Richards on the personal and professional risks involved in scholarly writing. In recounting his own trials and errors Becker offers his readers not a model to be slavishly imitated but an example to inspire. Throughout, his focus is on the elusive work habits that contribute to good writing, not the more easily learned rules of grammar and punctuation. Although his examples are drawn from sociological literature, his conclusions apply to all fields of social science, and indeed to all areas of scholarly endeavor. The message is clear: you don't have to write like a social scientist to be one.

是否有不同的方式來教與學社會學？如何讓學生在實做中同時習得研究的技法與精湛的論點？如何培養學生提出兼具本地特色與理論意涵的問題？是否可能將社會學本身的信念融入社會學的教學之中？ 田野工作者以自身當做探索社會生活的媒介，觸動其中的關鍵機制，這是以身為度。因此，田野工作不僅僅蒐集與創造資料，同時也切磋與創新理論、反省社會學知識的認識論、以及呈現各種生命情調相互激盪的存在論。在教學上，師生以各自的研究與經驗為例交流，也是以身為度。 本書提供八個田野工作的實例（一個老師，七個學生）以及一篇對田野工作教學的考察與反省。這些實例採取了參與實作、參與觀察、深度訪談等技法，處理了資本主義的在地呈現、成人、成家、立業、上班、購物與飲食等課題。整本書兼具在地的觸感與理論的意涵，同時也呈現了學術與生命的交融，這是深刻與原創的學術研究的前提。 本書不只是在討論「田野工作」，同時也觸及了「如何做深刻的社會分析」。誠摯邀請你－－敬愛的讀者－－一起經歷這個生猛活潑、認真踏實、結合了個人傳記與集體關懷的台灣社會探險之旅！

潛心四十餘載，末代武士的關鍵一戰 一九七〇年代，葉啟政教授回台任教，學術關懷轉向理論性思考，但同時也保留了主流的以實證主義為導向的「經驗實徵」研究這條「深層」軸線。《從因果到機制》即是他對此深層軸線沉思四十年的積累成果。在這部深具開創性的作品中，葉教授徹底反思了「確立因果關係」這個科學探討的核心課題。 在葉教授的思路裡，一招一式都在表達一個基本立場：尊重各種研究策略，但絕無法供奉某種特定的研究策略是追求「真理」的唯一途徑。固然我們經常選擇某種「靜態」的特定狀態來作為貫連因果關係的「變項」，但這樣的「靜態」模樣只是用來勾勒整個現象的起始概念。事實上，起點充其量只是提供我們如此漫遊的意義，重點更在於尋找概念的分岔點。這正是葉教授不斷檢討實證主義主導下「經驗實徵」研究策略所具有的特性及其侷限的基本緣由。 批判經驗實徵，既破且立的全新視野 葉教授的前一部作品《實證的迷思》致力於破除以實證主義為主導的「典範迷思」，而在《從因果到機制》中，葉教授更上層樓，深入探討「因果」與「機制」此二論點如何架設、分殊、轉化與圓成的問題。 在過去，學者們力主採取「變項」這類概念來表徵現象的因果關係。這樣的表達方式卻有著基本缺陷，其中最為根本的莫過於，從表徵現象認定的因果關係可能是虛假的，經常無法有效處理「混淆因子」問題。針對此一難題，最典型的化解方法即是善用「機制」概念來補救。「機制」提供一套解釋項和被解釋項之間，相互連串且接續的因果聯繫。在此同時，機制卻也涉及到具因果鏈性質的「中介變項」問題。更貼切地來說，這乃關乎「機制」作為一種中介過程的問題了。 葉教授進一步以分析社會學和批判實在論作為分析對象，檢討他們各就不同立場如何處理「機制」這一概念。葉教授認識到，機制乃是一種具引信促發作用的解釋性思維理路。「機制」的內涵理法必然是具有一定的穩定性，但隨時空條件的更移卻可能轉變。這意味著，人作為具有能動性的行動者，在當下時空的思考與決定，對事態的發展，是具有決定性的關鍵因素。 最後，葉教授認為，我們可以採行Max Weber的「理念型」概念來處理「機制」作為因果權（能）力的表現。基本上，以機制為基礎的因果解釋，乃是以具選擇親近性的方式來描繪因果過程，而非窮盡所有的可能情況。其所論述的因果，其實是人們透過經驗所形塑出的一種心靈圖像，因此具有區域性與選擇性，始終受特定社會條件隨時制約著，易言之，世間並無一成不變的因果「真理」。

#美国社会学会杰出职业生涯奖得主经典之作，博采众学科之长，揭示社会转型的本质！ — 内容简介 — 小威廉·休厄尔以兼顾历史学、社会学和人类学的思考著称。《历史的逻辑》认为，只有把历史学家对时间性的复杂理解与社会学家深刻的理论思考结合起来，才能催生出令人满意的社会理论。在本书中，他透露了这种结合可能是怎样的形态，也展现了如此结合能为哪些议题提供指引，以及此举将如何影响历史学和社会学这两个不同的学科。本书于2008年荣获美国社会学学会理论分会杰出理论图书奖。 — 编辑推荐 — 作为美国社会学会比较历史社会学分会首位杰出职业生涯奖得主，作者小威廉·休厄尔在职业生涯中亲身经历了新社会史运动、文化转向、语言学转向等学界重大事件，亦在诸多社会科学学科之间深耕、立著，试图建立不同学科之间的有效对话，以对学术界及全球化和新自由主义的现实有所反思。本书就是休厄尔的这种跨学科身份和关怀的最佳体现。本书不仅开启了历史学、社会学、人类学等学科间的前沿理论对话，更以众多研究实例展示了这种学科“破壁”的可能性。休厄尔在本书中提出的“三种时间性”，更是成为今天历史学与社会学的跨学科产物——历史社会学的理论指引。 — 学者评论 — 《历史的逻辑》发起了历史学家和社会学家关于社会理论的讨论，展现了历史学家对于当前的理论讨论所能发挥的重要贡献。由当下最具影响力、最广受尊敬的历史学家著成的这本书，将会成为我们时代的思想史的一部分。 ——米谢勒·拉蒙，哈佛大学社会学教授、美国社会学学会前任主席 根据小威廉·休厄尔的说法，如果“事件”是“关键性地转变了结构的日常发生的、数量相对稀少的子集”，那么《历史的逻辑》的问世无疑是一个事件。他对不同社会科学专业的知识和文化的惊人涉猎，使他能建立新颖而卓越的连接。历史学与社会理论的关系由此进入新的阶段。 ——谢里·奥特纳，加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校人类学教授 这无疑是一部杰出的作品。《历史的逻辑》将为未来讨论社会转型的本质、历史学与社会科学间的关系设定新的理论讨论议程。 ——基思·贝克，斯坦福大学历史学教授 任何一门社会科学，都需要在历史的深度内充分发挥社会学的想象力，在理论的对话中构筑出一个好故事。 史学出身的小威廉·休厄尔，生长于结构功能论与历史社会学并生的浪潮下，他对事件与结构的独到解析，亦能促使我们反思中国本土语境中的个人、关系与社会。《历史的逻辑》一书告诉我们，只有历史学家们打破缄默，彻底审视并且重整从社会科学借鉴的理论，我们才能发展出历史学和社会科学共同追求的、洞悉这个时刻变动的世界的学说。 ——严飞，清华大学社会学教授 对这本书的最佳肯定，也许来自作者休厄尔荣获的美国社会学学会比较历史社会学分会首次颁发的杰出职业生涯奖（2020年）。休厄尔对社会、结构、文化、事件和时间性等基础概念的解答，为社会学家带来了基于历史学的不同思考。读者既能看到休厄尔以抽丝剥茧的方式解读理论名著，又能看到他以哲学人类学的方式将理论难题一步步展开为日用实践，还能读到他从历史经验作品中归纳与反思理论。这本书是多面的、综合的，也是多彩的，值得对历史学、社会学、人类学等议题有兴趣的读者品读。 ——孙宇凡，公众号“Sociological理论大缸”创办人

Drawing on more than four decades of experience as a researcher and teacher, Howard Becker now brings to students and researchers the many valuable techniques he has learned. Tricks of the Trade will help students learn how to think about research projects. Assisted by Becker's sage advice, students can make better sense of their research and simultaneously generate fresh ideas on where to look next for new data. The tricks cover four broad areas of social science: the creation of the "imagery" to guide research; methods of "sampling" to generate maximum variety in the data; the development of "concepts" to organize findings; and the use of "logical" methods to explore systematically the implications of what is found. Becker's advice ranges from simple tricks such as changing an interview question from "Why?" to "How?" (as a way of getting people to talk without asking for a justification) to more technical tricks such as how to manipulate truth tables. Becker has extracted these tricks from a variety of fields such as art history, anthropology, sociology, literature, and philosophy; and his dazzling variety of references ranges from James Agee to Ludwig Wittgenstein. Becker finds the common principles that lie behind good social science work, principles that apply to both quantitative and qualitative research. He offers practical advice, ideas students can apply to their data with the confidence that they will return with something they hadn't thought of before. Like Writing for Social Scientists, Tricks of the Trade will bring aid and comfort to generations of students. Written in the informal, accessible style for which Becker is known, this book will be an essential resource for students in a wide variety of fields. "An instant classic. . . . Becker's stories and reflections make a great book, one that will find its way into the hands of a great many social scientists, and as with everything he writes, it is lively and accessible, a joy to read."—Charles Ragin, Northwestern University

The late 1960s are remembered today as the last time wholesale social upheaval shook Europe and the United States. College students during that tumultuous period - epitomized by the events of May 1968 - were as permanently marked in their worldviews as their parents had been by the depression and World War II. Sociology was at the center of these events, and it changed decisively because of them. "The Disobedient Generation" collects newly written autobiographies by an international cross-section of well-known sociologists, all of them "children of the '60s." It illuminates the human experience of living through that decade as apprentice scholars and activists, encountering the issues of class, race, the establishment, the decline of traditional religion, feminism, war, and the sexual revolution. In each case the interlinked crises of young adulthood, rapid change, and nascent professional careers shaped this generation's private and public selves. This is an intensely personal collective portrait of a generation in a time of struggle.

問世間，情為何物？愛情，為何令人遍體鱗傷？ 到底情感挫折來自童年陰影，或是源於社會與文化結構的影響？ 跟著知名社會學家伊娃•易洛斯一層一層探索現代愛情產業鏈，找出讓我們創鉅痛深的真相。 愛情痛苦的經驗非常普遍，幾乎可以說是人類集體共通的經驗。情傷創造一大票專家，驅策出版業、電視、無數媒體產業持續運轉。正因為整個社會認為痛苦是個人精神史的體現，相信訴說與認識自我具有療效，「自助」產業才會如此欣欣向榮，並將感情煎熬的矛頭轉到自我的私密史，以及自我形塑的能力上。 面對現代親密關係產生的疑難雜症，《為什麼愛讓人受傷？》企圖切換分析的角度：問題的癥結不在失能的童年，不在個人自覺不足，而在社會文化的衝突和矛盾，已構成現代人自我與認同的基本架構了。 作者伊娃‧易洛斯想告訴大家：愛情是被具體社會關係形塑和創造的！愛情在市場內流通，市場內充滿相互競爭、地位不對等的行動者；某些人較有能力界定被愛的條件，認為自己比別人更有資格被愛。 社會學主要研究對象是痛苦的集體表現形式，不過對尋常精神痛苦卻相對輕忽。這是由於社會學為了避免蹚個人主義和精神分析這一潭渾水，不太願意涉足情感方面的痛苦，畢竟那被視為臨床心理學之骨幹。可是，社會學若想跟得上時代，就無法迴避這一塊，勢必得面對、探索可充分反映近現代自我脆弱性的情感。因為，自我脆弱易傷，有其制度性原因，也有情感層面的因素，而愛情正是這樣一種情感。 愛情痛苦，不是旁枝末節，也不是看起來比較嚴肅的痛苦型態的附庸。《為什麼愛讓人受傷？》揭開現代愛情產業鏈的真相，證實了愛情痛苦可具體呈現現代性自我無能為力的困境和樣貌。 國際媒體專家一致推薦 不參考這本書，沒有人可以討論愛情。──德國《時代週報》（Die Zeit） 一本大膽、發人深省的書！──《泰晤士高等教育》（Times Higher Education） 伊娃•易洛斯向我們展示了最親密的感受的深刻社會性質，從而開創了一種全新的情感輿圖。──蘿拉‧吉普妮斯（Laura Kipnis），西北大學廣播電視電影系教授，著有《反對愛情：那些外遇者教我的事》 切中現代情感狀態的核心，是解析社會權力以及性與愛的意義必不可少的一本書。──季特林（Todd Gitlin），哥倫比亞大學教授，著有《給青年行動者的信》

本书中，周雪光教授以组织研究的诸种学术问题为导向，系统阐述了当今海外学术界影响至深的诸学术流派，如制度主义学派、交易成本学派、网络分析学派等对若干基本的组织现象的研究和看法，梳理了经济学、社会学和心理学在组织问题上思想交锋的焦点所在，并结合海内外大量组织现象的实例分析，指出了组织社会学研究的努力方向，体现出作者深厚的学术功力和犀利的学术眼光，读来令人茅塞顿开。

Despite increased economic opportunities for women, sexual commerce has not only thrived in the Western world, it has diversified along technological, spatial, and social lines. For example, contemporary sex workers often meet their clinets through the Internet, offering new kinds of encounters that are a far cry from the quick and impersonal contacts that we normally associate with prostitution. For "Temporarily Yours", sociologist Elizabeth Bernstein walked the streets and went behind closed doors, interviewing sex workers, their clients, and the government officials who regulate the business. Along the way, she discovered a significant transformation that is occurring in the urban sex trade. Many middle-class johns are now seeking to fulfill fantasies of intimacy and affection - to purchase an authentic interaction that is gratifying emotionally, not just physically. Drawing on innovative research in San Francisco, Stockholm, and Amsterdam, Bernstein paints a provocative picture of the current state of global sexual commerce and its relationship to a burgeoning consumer culture.

Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Death. Confusion. In 1832, the arrival of cholera in the United States created widespread panic throughout the country. For the rest of the century, epidemics swept through American cities and towns, killing thousands. Physicians of all stripes offered conflicting answers to the cholera puzzle, ineffectively responding with opiates, bleeding, quarantines, and all manner of remedies, before the identity of the dreaded infection was consolidated under the germ theory of disease some sixty years later. These cholera outbreaks raised fundamental questions about medical knowledge and its legitimacy, giving fuel to alternative medical sects that used the confusion of the epidemic to challenge both medical orthodoxy and the authority of the still-new American Medical Association. In "Knowledge in the Time of Cholera", Owen Whooley tells us the story of those dark days, centering his narrative on rivalries between medical and homeopathic practitioners and bringing to life the battle to control public understanding of disease, professional power, and democratic governance in nineteenth-century America.

In 1963, Howard S. Becker gave a lecture about deviance, challenging the then-conventional definition that deviance was inherently criminal and abnormal and arguing that instead, deviance was better understood as a function of labeling. At the end of his lecture, a distinguished colleague standing at the back of the room, puffing a cigar, looked at Becker quizzically and asked, “What about murder? Isn’t that really deviant?” It sounded like Becker had been backed into a corner. Becker, however, wasn’t defeated! Reasonable people, he countered, differ over whether certain killings are murder or justified homicide, and these differences vary depending on what kinds of people did the killing. In What About Mozart? What About Murder?, Becker uses this example, along with many others, to demonstrate the different ways to study society, one that uses carefully investigated, specific cases and another that relies on speculation and on what he calls “killer questions,” aimed at taking down an opponent by citing invented cases. Becker draws on a lifetime of sociological research and wisdom to show, in helpful detail, how to use a variety of kinds of cases to build sociological knowledge. With his trademark conversational flair and informal, personal perspective Becker provides a guide that researchers can use to produce general sociological knowledge through case studies. He champions research that has enough data to go beyond guesswork and urges researchers to avoid what he calls “skeleton cases,” which use fictional stories that pose as scientific evidence. Using his long career as a backdrop, Becker delivers a winning book that will surely change the way scholars in many fields approach their research.