This unique textbook introduces linguists to key issues in the philosophy of language. Accessible to students who have taken only a single course in linguistics, yet sophisticated enough to be used at the graduate level, the book provides an overview of the central issues in philosophy of language, a key topic in educating the next generation of researchers in semantics and pragmatics. Thoroughly grounded in contemporary linguistic theory, the book focus on the core foundational and philosophical issues in semantics and pragmatics, richly illustrated with historical case studies to show how linguistic questions are related to philosophical problems in areas such as metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Students are introduced in Part I to the issues at the core of semantics, including compositionality, reference and intentionality. Part II looks at pragmatics: context, conversational update, implicature and speech acts; whilst Part III discusses foundational questions about meaning. The book will encourage future collaboration and development between philosophy of language and linguistics.

本书内容广泛，收录了由一流学者撰写的许多具有特殊使命的篇章，它为心灵哲学中的核心主题给出了一种最新的审视。心灵哲学在当代哲学中是最活跃、最重要的分支领域之一，它的地位至少可以归因于两个相关的因素：主题的重要性和领域的多样性。本书收录了由一流学者撰写的许多具有特殊使命的篇章，它为心灵哲学中的核心主题给出了一种最新的审视。
《布莱克韦尔心灵哲学指导》引领读者穿越范围广阔的主题，包括人工智能、意识、二元论、情绪、民间心理学、自由意志、个体主义、人格同一性和心身问题。
总体而言，本书恰逢其时，它对于有兴趣更深入地理解这个领域的任何人都是一部重要的著作。它对大学生是通俗易懂的导论，而对研究生和研究人员也提供了新颖、有趣的见解。

The book is intended as a reader-friendly introduction to issues in the philosophy of mind, including mental–physical causal interaction, computational models of thought, the relation minds bear to brains, and assorted -isms: behaviorism, dualism, eliminativism, emergentism, functionalism, materialism, neutral monism, and panpsychism. The Fourth Edition reintroduces a chapter on Donald Davidson and a discussion of ‘Non-Cartesian Dualism’, along with a wholly new chapter on emergence and panpsychism. A concluding chapter draws together material in earlier chapters and offers what the author regards as a plausible account of the mind’s place in nature. Suggested readings at the conclusion of each chapter have been updated, with a focus on accessible, non-technical material.
Key Features of the Fourth Edition
Includes a new chapter, 'Emergence and Panpsychism' (Chapter 13), reflecting growing interest in these areas
Reintroduces and updates a chapter on Donald Davidson, 'Radical Interpretation' (Chapter 8), which was excised from the previous edition
Updates 'Descartes' Legacy' (Chapter 3) to include a discussion of E. J. Lowe's arresting 'Non-Cartesian Dualism', also removed from the previous edition
Includes a highly revised final chapter, which draws together much of the previous material and sketches a plausible account of the mind’s place in nature
Updated 'Suggested Reading' lists at the end of each chapter

A fascinating analysis of human language and its influence on other disciplines by one of the nation's most respected linguists. Chomsky is also the author of What Uncle Sam Really Wants and The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many (15,000 copies sold).

言語哲学を超克する言語哲学。チョムスキーの方法論的自然主義とはなにか。言語と思考の問題の「行き着くところはわたしたちの本性の核心部分なのです」。言語に関わる諸説の問題設定の妥当性、一般的知識、言語知識、言語使用、等々を吟味し、言語の座位を自然の一部たる人間の内界に見いだすチョムスキーの言語哲学。

蒂莫西•威廉姆森通过《含混性》一书仔细检视了现存的含混性理论，并为认知主义辩护。威廉姆森先从历史来追溯含混性问题，以批判性的眼光浏览含混性哲学的历史；他的观察是：一方面，现存的含混性理论无法很好地解释高阶含混性的问题；另一方面，认知主义的观点受到了不公平的对待。有别于当时大多数学者将含混性问题视为一个语言问题，威廉姆森将含混性问题视为一个知识问题，亦即不知道含混语词/概念的精确边界，希望能为认知主义观点提供一个趋近完备的理论。
尽管《含混性》使用的逻辑不多，但读者若有一定程度的逻辑基础，将能很好地理解书中的论证，体会到论证的精妙之处。对研究含混性问题的学者来说，就算不同意认知主义观点，也不能不读《含混性》，因为《含混性》早已成为研究含混性问题的经典之一。

不存在任何客观的价值。
本书开首的这一断言，显示出作者将以一种独特的主观主义视角来表明，道德，无法被我们发现，而是必须被创造出来。
本书系统地表述了麦凯的伦理学思想，虽然篇幅不大，却影响甚大。它初版于1977年，在此后的短短6年里就再版了4次。它试图勾勒出一个伦理系统，此系统由三个部分组成：第一部分探讨了伦理学的地位，第二部分分析了伦理学的具体内容，第三部分则探讨了伦理学与法律、政治、宗教等其他领域的关系。

《意义的形而上学》内容简介：对于20世纪的西方世界而言，哲学的焦点是语言。而对于语言的深层结构和规则而言，其焦点是自然主义。卡茨指出，由于维特根斯坦、奎因、戴维森、乔姆斯基等人关于意义与语言的特定论证，将20世纪的英美哲学引入了自然主义，并使其成为这个时代占主导地位的哲学。而《意义的形而上学》的目的，正是对于这种自然主义的语言及哲学观念进行批判，从而为另一种求真之路提供可能。
在《意义的形而上学》中，卡茨的批判分为两个部分。一、对当代自然主义的两位设计师（维特根斯坦与奎因）的论证进行系统的、全面的分析，并表明他们的论点不足以支持自然主义。二、识别出自然主义的根本问题，即其哲学立场与手段之间悖论性的关系。

In Matter and Consciousness, Paul Churchland presents a concise and contemporary overview of the philosophical issues surrounding the mind and explains the main theories and philosophical positions that have been proposed to solve them. Making the case for the relevance of theoretical and experimental results in neuroscience, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence for the philosophy of mind, Churchland reviews current developments in the cognitive sciences and offers a clear and accessible account of the connections to philosophy of mind.
For this third edition, the text has been updated and revised throughout. The changes range from references to the iPhone's "Siri" to expanded discussions of the work of such contemporary philosophers as David Chalmers, John Searle, and Thomas Nagel. Churchland describes new research in evolution, genetics, and visual neuroscience, among other areas, arguing that the philosophical significance of these new findings lies in the support they tend to give to the reductive and eliminative versions of materialism.
Matter and Consciousness, written by the most distinguished theorist and commentator in the field, offers an authoritative summary and sourcebook for issues in philosophy of mind. It is suitable for use as an introductory undergraduate text.
To read this book with attention is not just to find out about philosophy, but to do it. Churchland has written the best introduction available, for students and for general readers.
(Margaret Boden Times Higher Education Supplement)
The book is superb as an introductory text. Difficult matters are treated from an introductory perspective gracefully, interestingly, and with remarkably little in the way of distorting simplification. My prediction is that the word about this book will spread, and it will soon be a standard textbook.
(Ned Block, New York University)

The tradition descending from Frege and Russell has typically treated theories of meaning either as theories of meanings (propositions expressed), or as theories of truth conditions. However, propositions of the classical sort don't exist, and truth conditions can't provide all the information required by a theory of meaning. In this book, one of the world's leading philosophers of language offers a way out of this dilemma. Traditionally conceived, propositions are denizens of a 'third realm' beyond mind and matter, 'grasped' by mysterious Platonic intuition. As conceived here, they are cognitive-event types in which agents predicate properties and relations of things - in using language, in perception, and in nonlinguistic thought. Because of this, one's acquaintance with, and knowledge of, propositions is acquaintance with, and knowledge of, events of one's cognitive life. This view also solves the problem of 'the unity of the proposition' by explaining how propositions can be genuinely representational, and therefore bearers of truth. The problem, in the traditional conception, is that sentences, utterances, and mental states are representational because of the relations they bear to inherently representational Platonic complexes of universals and particulars. Since we have no way of understanding how such structures can be representational, independent of interpretations placed on them by agents, the problem is unsolvable when so conceived. However, when propositions are taken to be cognitive-event types, the order of explanation is reversed and a natural solution emerges. Propositions are representational because they are constitutively related to inherently representational cognitive acts. Strikingly original, "What Is Meaning?" is a major advance.

本书是乔姆斯基与加拿大麦吉尔大学哲学教授詹姆斯的对话录。诺姆·乔姆斯基（Noam Chomsky）是我们这个时代最具影响力的思想家之一，可他的观点却常遭误解。在这个此前未曾发表过的访谈系列中，乔姆斯基挑战传统，对其有关语言、人类本质以及政治的重要思想做了深入探讨。乔姆斯基论及众多话题——人类语言的设计和功能、语言演化、表征论、人的概念本质、普通语法的最优性和完美性、人类本质、进化心理学、道德、认识论、人类理解的生物限度等问题。麦克吉尔弗雷教授广博的评论则可以方便不同类型的读者理解这个内容深刻的系列访谈。本书对语言和心智研究者，对任何想了解乔姆斯基思想的人而言，都是重要读物。

简介：
《自足语义学》是当代知名哲学家赫尔曼·开普兰和厄尼·利珀尔的一部哲学力作。本书对哲学中形形色色的语境论倾向进行了系统而深入的归纳和分析，并根据不同的语境论展开了颇有针对性的批评，在此基础上提出了他们自己的哲学主张，即语义最简论和言语行为多元论
本书很巧妙地辩护了通常视为不相容的两个哲学立场：真值条件语义学和语义最简论。开普兰和利珀尔所提出的充满争议的观点，已经而且还会持续不断地成为探讨语言交流本质的核心论题。
——杰森·斯坦利，密歇根大学
开普兰和利珀尔把语境论争论中的各种脉络整理出来，并在已有的理论流派基础上提出语义最简论，他们的工作卓有成效。
——詹姆斯·希金博特姆，南加州大学
这是一个不多见而又非常复杂的哲学讨论，它意在说明戴维森的理论是如何处理语言使用中所广泛出现的语境敏感性的，很棒的哲学著作。
——保罗·彼得罗斯基，马里兰大学
目　录
主编序………………………………………………………………………………………………
译者的话……………………………………………………………………………………………
作者前言……………………………………………………………………………………………
鸣　谢………………………………………………………………………………………………
第一章　概览…………………………………………………………………………………
第一部分　从温和语境论到激进语境论…………………………………………………………
第二章　诠释：语境论者的方法论…………………………………………………………
第三章　语境转移论证的不稳定性…………………………………………………………
第四章　诊断：为什么语义学家误用语境转移论证………………………………………
第五章　不完全性论证的不稳定性…………………………………………………………
第六章　插曲：约束和隐蔽索引词…………………………………………………………
第二部分　对激进语境论的驳斥…………………………………………………………………
第七章　反驳激进语境论（一）：没有通过语境敏感性测试……………………………
第八章　反驳激进语境论（二）：致使交流无法实现……………………………………
第九章　反驳激进语境论（三）：内在矛盾………………………………………………
第三部分　语义最简论和言语行为多元论………………………………………………………
第十章　语义最简论…………………………………………………………………………
第十一章　语义学与形而上学………………………………………………………………
第十二章　语义学和心理学…………………………………………………………………
第十三章　言语行为多元论…………………………………………………………………
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………
索　引………………………………………………………………………………………………

意识是什么？大脑物理过程如何能够产生自我意识的心智，产生爱与恨的深刻情感，产生审美的愉悦和精神的渴望？这些问题直到今天依然是科学家和哲学家激烈争论的焦点。查默斯在论证科学的还原理论不能解释意识的本质的基础上，提出了意识研究的二元论观点。按照这种观点，意识必须被理解为不可还原的实体（类似于事件、空间和质量这样的物理性质），这种实体在一个基本的层面上存在。《当代世界学术名著：有意识的心灵·一种基础理论研究》还详细阐述了任何附载信息的系统都是有意识的观点。
《当代世界学术名著：有意识的心灵·一种基础理论研究》行文严谨，立意深远。作者通过遍历当代意识科学的各个分支，从而带领读者进行了一次遥远而深邃的心灵哲学之旅。而遍布全书的新颖的思想实验极大增强了查默斯思想的说服力。

In this book, one of the world's foremost philosophers of language presents his unifying vision of the field - its principal achievements, its most pressing current questions, and its most promising future directions. In addition to explaining the progress philosophers have made toward creating a theoretical framework for the study of language, Scott Soames investigates foundational concepts - such as truth, reference, and meaning - that are central to the philosophy of language and important to philosophy as a whole. The first part of the book describes how philosophers from Frege, Russell, Tarski, and Carnap to Kripke, Kaplan, and Montague developed precise techniques for understanding the languages of logic and mathematics, and how these techniques have been refined and extended to the study of natural human languages. The book then builds on this account, exploring new thinking about propositions, possibility, and the relationship between meaning, assertion, and other aspects of language use. An invaluable overview of the philosophy of language by one of its most important practitioners, this book will be essential reading for all serious students of philosophy.

「よく知られている理論、しかも影響力のある理論が、そもそも全部誤っているという点で、心の哲学は、哲学のなかでも類を見ないテーマである」。言語哲学の大家であり、「中国語の部屋」などの思考実験や、デリダとの論争でも知られる哲学者ジョン・サールによる入門書は、この驚くべき断言からはじまる。「心」をめぐる議論がこれまで見落としてきたものとは、いったい何か。二元論、唯物論、機能主義、行動主義、髄伴現象説など従来理論の錯誤を次々に暴き、意識、知覚、志向性から自己、自由意志まで、ありとあらゆる心的現象を自然主義的観点のもとに明快に位置づける、このうえなく刺激的な入門書。

塞尔写下了一部有力的、清晰的、易懂的与令人着迷的导论性著作。此书比任何别的文献都更为令人信服地解释了塞尔所持有的如下这个离经叛道的颠覆性观点：无论是唯物主义还是二元论，都是谬误的。他以充满活力的姿态探索了那些心灵哲学领域中的重大议题——与此同时，他还一直保持着对于他所聚焦的心灵问题的最深刻的洞见。
译者前言
中译本前言
致谢
导论 我为什么写这本书
第一章 心灵哲学中的12个问题
第二章 转向唯物主义
第三章 反对唯物主义的论证
第四章 意识(上)——意识与身一心问题
第五章 意识(下)——意识的结构与神经生物学
第六章 意向性
第七章 心灵因果关系
第八章 自由意志
第九章 无意识问题以及对于行为的解释
第十章 知觉
第十一章 自我
尾声哲学与科学的世界观
术语索引
人名索引

物理主义从诸多方面看都是现代分析哲学的世界观，是当前西方哲学界最受关注的领域之一。本书作者是研究物理主义的名家，这本书是他的代表作之一，在西方哲学界颇受关注。在书中，作者重点讨论了三组问题：第一组问题涉及物理主义观点的阐释，第二组问题涉及物理主义的真或假，第三组问题关心物理主义的哲学意义。通过对三组问题的讨论，作者得出的观点是：对物理主义的怀疑是正确的，但这并未给文献中经常描绘的那种哲学带来灾难性影响。本书内容丰富，对物理主义的介绍全面均衡，对相关的代表性理论的分析透彻深入，是目前对该主题最好的导论。

The questions of metaphysics are the deepest and most puzzling questions there are. What is time? Am I free in my actions? What makes me the same person I was as a child? What is it for one thing to cause another? Riddles of Existence is the first book ever to make metaphysics genuinely accessible and fun. Its lively, informal style brings the riddles to life and shows how stimulating it can be to think about them. No philosophical background is required to enjoy this book: anyone who has thought about life's most profound questions will find plenty to provoke and entertain them here.

《字面意义论》内容简介：在当今理论界存在两种潮流，或日坚持两种路径。一种是占主导地位的“字面论”立场。按照这种立场，可以合理地将真值条件内容赋予自然语言的语句，这完全独立于说出语句的讲话者所要表达的意义。字面论与另一种观点——“语境论”——相对立。语境论观点与半个世纪前日常语言哲学家的观点相似，主张言语行为是语义内容的基本载体。唯有在言语行为的语境中语句才能表达确定的内容。“所言”究竟取决于语言规约抑或是“讲话者意义”的一个方面？在确定真值条件中需要语用学吗？什么是“字面意义”？语义组合在何种程度上是一种生成过程？语境敏感具有怎样的普遍性？雷卡纳蒂在书中批判了字面论，对语境论作出了极具原创性且不乏洞见的辩护，同时讨论了介于这两种观点之间的各种立场，指出这些立场与目前关于语义学／语用学界面之争中实际持有的观点相对应。《字面意义论》对从事语义学／语用学界面研究的语言学家、哲学家等具有很高的参考价值。